3D structured polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide (PPy/rGO)-based electrode ionic soft actuators with improved actuation performance

Abstract

We report a facile approach to fabricate 3D polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide (PPy/rGO)-based electrodes for Nafion-based ionic soft actuators.

NiS2@rGO Nanosheet Wrapped with PPy Aerogel: A Sandwich-Like Structured Composite for Excellent Microwave Absorption

“…The intensity of the C=O bonds is subdued, which could indicate that the GO was reduced [38]. N 1s spectra are exhibited in Figure 2c, in which the peaks located at 399.65 and 400.9 eV are assigned to the C–N/N–H bonds and the N–C=O bonds, respectively [39,40]. The chemical composition of GO was determined by XPS (Figure S3a), and the core-level spectrum of C 1S in GO is displayed in Figure S3b.…”

Highly flexible reduced graphene oxide@polypyrrole–polyethylene glycol foam for supercapacitors

“…2b curve 1). 30 The characteristic peaks of PPy at 3421, 1616, 1465 and 1034 cm À1 correspond to N-H stretching vibration of pyrrole ring, C]C ring stretching of pyrrole, pyrrole C-N ring stretching and C-N in-plane deformation vibration (Fig. 2b curve 2).…”

Tunable-Deformed Graphene Layers for Actuation

“…In order to achieve a large range of actuation displacement of graphene with good controllability, conducting polymers [such as polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy)] show the ability to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy in the electrochemical process, and are promising candidates for advanced actuators. In this case, we successfully constructed an asymmetric bilayer actuator by combining graphene and anions doped PPy in an ectropolymerization process (Liu et al, 2012; Cheng et al, 2017; Rasouli et al, 2018). Unlike the graphene deformation that operates by electron/hole injection, PPy deformation is mainly driven by the Faradaic doping and undoping process, in which the volume of the PPy structure increases or decreases with the embedding or expelling of the anions under negative or positive voltage.…”

“…The corresponding overlaid digital images captured at the starting point and the end point for the actuators (C 1 ) IP -PPy, (C 2 ) IP-PPy/rGO-1, (C 3 ) IP-PPy/rGO-2, (C 4 ) IP-PPy/rGO-3, and (C 5 ) IP-PPy/rGO-4 in response to (A,D) . (C) Voltage of 6 V in amplitude (reproduced from Rasouli et al, 2018 with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry). (D,E) Snapshots of the tri-armed tweezers driven by an applied electric potential of +0.8 V and −0.8 V, respectively.…”

“…Rasouli reported a PPy/rGO-based ionic actuator by simple electropolymerization of PPy/rGO nanocomposites on both faces of ink-coated Nafion membranes (Rasouli et al, 2018). When applying voltage on the composite film, the solvated ions would accumulate in a high concentration near the electrode regions, leading to bending deformations (MacDiarmid, 2001; Terasawa and Asaka, 2016).…”