3D structure and evolution of an extensional fault network of the eastern Dampier Sub-basin, North West Shelf of Australia

Deng, Hongdan; McClay, Ken; Bilal, Awad

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2019.103972

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Low‐angle faults can be identified at the top‐basement reflection on the Exmouth Plateau and are interpreted to have controlled the deposition of a thin layer of Late Paleozoic strata onto hyper‐thinned crust (Figures 15 and S4 in Supporting Information S1). Observed stratigraphic onlaps against low‐angle faults and basement ridges at the fault break‐away (Figure S4 in Supporting Information S1) suggest a strong similarity to supra‐detachment basins above low‐angle fault systems of highly extended rift basins (Deng, McClay, et al., 2020; Deng, Ren, et al., 2020; Gillard, Manatschal, & Autin, 2016; Gillard et al., 2019, 2015; Lister & Davis, 1989; Muñoz‐Barrera et al., 2021; Nirrengarten et al., 2018; Webber et al., 2020). Belgarde et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High resolution seismic reflection data have been widely used as a powerful tool for the analysis of basinal and crustal scale structures by both academic and industry practitioners (Chauvet et al., 2020; Gans et al., 1985; Lymer et al., 2019; Sapin et al., 2021; Unruh et al., 2008). In particular, increasing amounts of high‐quality, dee p 2D/3D seismic reflection data and deep drilling on passive margins provides unprecedented imaging of deep crustal levels (Clerc et al., 2015; Deng, McClay, & Bilal, 2020; Deng, Ren, et al., 2020; Muñoz‐Barrera et al., 2021; Sapin et al., 2021) together with insights into the composition and structure of crystalline basement that often appears acoustically transparent due to low impedance contrast and seismic wave attenuation at depth (Allmendinger et al., 1987; Brown, 1991; Fazlikhani et al., 2017; Lenhart et al., 2019; Phillips et al., 2016). For instance, recent work using deep seismic reflection data in extensional terranes shows extensive igneous intrusion in the upper and lower crusts (Phillips et al., 2018; Wrona et al., 2019), inherited basement fabrics (Collanega et al., 2019; Fazlikhani et al., 2017; Osagiede et al., 2020; Phillips et al., 2016), and typically‐layered lower crust bounded at the base by a high‐amplitude Moho reflection and overlain by transparent upper crust with elevated geotherms (Allmendinger et al., 1987; Chauvet et al., 2020; Deng et al., 2020; Dong et al., 2020; Miller et al., 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low‐Angle Normal Faults on the NW Shelf of Australia: Implications for Late Paleozoic Rifting

Deng

McClay

Belgarde³

2022

Tectonics

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Late Paleozoic rifting of the NW Shelf of Australia formed a wide basin that fundamentally controlled the Mesozoic continental rifting and passive margin development; however, structural style associated with this extensional process remains poorly constrained. Here, we integrate high‐resolution seismic data with well data from the proximal domain of the NW Shelf to show that the Mermaid fault system in the eastern Dampier Sub‐basin is a large‐scale (∼80 km long), low‐angle (5–20°) normal fault with up to 10 km offset formed during the Late Paleozoic rifting. In its northern and southern domains, the Mermaid fault has a planar geometry with characteristic extensional structures. In its central domain, seaward‐dipping, domino‐style normal faults in the upper crust extend downward into a highly reflective seismic zone that arches upward to form an elliptical dome. Growth strata in the hangingwall half‐graben and footwall basement reflections indicate that the Mermaid fault initiated as a high‐angle normal fault and was rotated by footwall exhumation during extension. Intrabasement deformation along and below the Mermaid fault is characterized by moderate‐ to high‐amplitude, semi‐continuous seismic reflectors that are distinct from transparent reflection character in the overlying basement unit. Comparison of the Mermaid fault system to well‐studied detachment faults in metamorphic core complex settings reveals striking similarities. We therefore suggest that the Mermaid fault developed as part of a nascent metamorphic core complex with a warm to hot footwall that enabled middle‐lower crustal flow during the Late Paleozoic continental rifting, likely induced by southward subduction of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Angle Normal Faults on the NW Shelf of Australia: Implications for Late Paleozoic Rifting

Deng

McClay

Belgarde³

2022

Tectonics

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“…These kinds of fault systems have been reported in the literature, both in experimental models and field cases (Aydin & Reches, 1982;Beacom et al, 1999;Bertini et al, 1985;Carvell et al, 2014;Donath, 1962;Ghaffari et al, 2014;Jamison & Stearns, 1982;Koestler & Ehrmann, 1991;Krantz, 1988Krantz, , 1989McCormack & McClay, 2018;Miller et al, 2007;Peacock & Sanderson, 1992;Reches & Dieterich, 1983;, including the fault arrays with orthorhombic symmetry described by Oertel (1965) and Reches (1978Reches ( , 1983. (Bergh et al, 2007;Peacock, 2004) or a perturbation of the local stress field induced by reactivated preexisting faults (e.g., Deng et al, 2020;Peacock & Sanderson, 1994). Nixon et al (2014) and Duffy et al (2015) documented in detail the influence of fault interactions between different generations of faulting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The interaction between faults and the reactivation of inherited structural fabrics is common in extensional systems with polymodal faults (e.g., Bergh et al, 2007; Deng et al, 2020; Duffy et al, 2015; Nixon et al, 2014). We argue that many of such systems could be formed under similar conditions as described for MC.…”

Section: Kinematic Versus Dynamic Approach For Studying Polymodal Faumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatial and temporal development of fault networks in extensional systems generally is attributed to multiple phases of extension (e.g., Bergh et al, 2007; Deng et al, 2020; Duffy et al, 2015; Nixon et al, 2014; Peacock, 2004). It can involve a multiphase tectonic evolution and changes in the regional stress field (Bergh et al, 2007; Peacock, 2004) or a perturbation of the local stress field induced by reactivated pre‐existing faults (e.g., Deng et al, 2020; Peacock & Sanderson, 1994). Nixon et al (2014) and Duffy et al (2015) documented in detail the influence of fault interactions between different generations of faulting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Brittle Triaxial Deformation Zone in the Upper Crust: The Case of the Southern Mesa Central of Mexico

2020

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It is widely accepted that the polymodal fault patterns accommodate triaxial deformation. Multiphase extension and inherited structural fabrics have been counted as common features for the development of polymodal faults in extensional systems. This research documents the development of a polymodal normal fault system in the Mesa Central of Mexico, focusing on the evolution of the deformation field. The fault system comprises NW and NE grabens and N-S and E-W faults. These faults affected silicic volcanic rocks in two Oligocene extensional phases. In the Rupelian (~31 Ma), a NW trending domino fault system was formed, associated with fault domain boundaries (transfer or accommodation zones) oriented NW, NE, N-S, and E-W. The domino faults tilted the early Rupelian rocks, and the deformation was biaxial with the principal extension NE-SW. Subsequently, the Rupelian structures were buried by the middle and late Rupelian volcanism. The second extensional phase occurred in the Chattian (after 28 Ma). In this phase, the Rupelian fault domain boundaries acted as faulting zones forming a polymodal fault system in the volcanic cover. The resulting deformation was triaxial with ENE and NNW horizontal principal extensions. From revision of cases in the literature and the deformation documented in the Mesa Central, we propose a general way to form a brittle triaxial deformation zone, requiring (1) the presence of planes of weakness in the upper crust, (2) the deposition of a cover, and (3) a subsequent faulting event reactivating the underlying anisotropies and producing new faults in the cover. Since the pioneering work of Oertel (1965), a few theoretical and experimental studies have been published regarding fault systems formed under triaxial deformation. Most of the geometric, dynamic, and kinematic models have been proposed for orthorhombic fault systems from centimetric to kilometric scales (e.g., Aydin

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Variability in the three-dimensional geometry of segmented normal fault surfaces

Roche

Camanni

Childs

et al. 2021

Earth-Science Reviews

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3D structure and evolution of an extensional fault network of the eastern Dampier Sub-basin, North West Shelf of Australia

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Low‐Angle Normal Faults on the NW Shelf of Australia: Implications for Late Paleozoic Rifting

Low‐Angle Normal Faults on the NW Shelf of Australia: Implications for Late Paleozoic Rifting

Development of a Brittle Triaxial Deformation Zone in the Upper Crust: The Case of the Southern Mesa Central of Mexico

Variability in the three-dimensional geometry of segmented normal fault surfaces

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