3D seismic imaging of buried Younger Dryas mass movement flows: Lake Windermere, UK

Vardy, Mark E.; Pinson, L.J.W.; Bull, Jonathan M.; Dix, Justin K.; Henstock, T.; Davis, J.W.; Gutowski, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.12.017

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Since these intervals are far more common at the eastern end of the study area (SS-11-01 and SS-13-06) compared with the western side where rivers would have been feeding into the lake, it is likely that the source of ice and debris was the Simcoe ice lobe of the approaching LIS. The diamict beds may record slumping and (or) downslope resedimentation possibly in response to oversteepening, seismic activity Vardy et al 2010), or more ice-proximal sedimentation as ice approached. Coarsening-upward successions of fine-grained rhythmites passing upward into planar-and ripple-laminated sands are typical of progradational systems that occur in deltaic settings (Ashley 1975).…”

Section: Su5: Upper Glaciolacustrine Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pre-Late Wisconsin stratigraphy of southern Simcoe County, Ontario: implications for ice sheet buildup, decay, and Great Lakes drainage evolution

Mulligan

Bajc

2018

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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Recent three-dimensional mapping investigations in southern Simcoe County, Ontario, allow refinement of the existing regional stratigraphic framework. Analysis of 25 continuously cored boreholes has revealed a complex but consistent sediment succession that provides a record of the last two glacial cycles (Marine Isotope Stages 1-6). Five stratigraphic units (SU1-SU5) comprise the pre-Late Wisconsin record. The stratigraphy is floored by a presumed Illinoian glacial complex consisting of a lower, coarse-grained till (SU1), locally overlain by stratified glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial sediments (SU2), but more commonly capped by a stone-poor, fine-grained till (SU3) of the Georgian Bay lobe. A widespread subaerial unconformity developed on the upper surface of SU3 contains organic-bearing, nonglacial deposits (SU4) ranging between 54 800 ± 3000 years BP (considered beyond the limits of radiocarbon dating) and 37 450 ± 590 14 C years BP. SU4 is abruptly overlain by a thick succession of rhythmically laminated lacustrine muds graded upwards into glaciolacustrine silts and clays interrupted by regionally continuous sand bodies (SU5). The succession is capped (and locally truncated) by Late Wisconsin Newmarket Till. The sedimentary record of southern Simcoe County is correlated with other well-studied reference sections in southern Ontario and contains information that informs reconstructions of former ice extents in the lower Great Lakes region following the Illinoian glaciation. Several sediment units host aquifers, but limited thickness and spatial extent, as well as issues with naturally occurring dissolved gases and solids, restrict their use for groundwater supply.Résumé : Des études cartographiques tridimensionnelles récentes dans le sud du comté de Simcoe, en Ontario, permettent de peaufiner le cadre stratigraphique régional existant. L'analyse de 25 forages carottés en continu révèle une séquence sédimen-taire complexe mais cohérente qui offre un profil des deux derniers cycles glaciaires (étages 1-6 de la stratigraphie isotopique marine). Cinq unités stratigraphiques (SU1-SU5) renferment le profil pré-wisconsinien tardif. La base de la coupe stratigraphique est un complexe glaciaire d'âge illinoien présumé consistant en un till inférieur à grains grossiers (SU1) sur lequel reposent localement des sédiments glaciolacustres et fluvioglaciaires stratifiés (SU2), mais qui est plus couramment recouvert d'un till à grains fins pauvre en pierres (SU3) du lobe de la baie Georgienne. Une discordance subaérienne répandue formée sur la surface supérieure de SU3 contient des dépôts non glaciaires contenant de la matière organique (SU4) allant de 54 800 ± 3000 années BP (considéré comme étant hors des limites de la datation au radiocarbone) à 37 450 ± 590 14 C années BP. SU4 est abruptement recouverte par une épaisse séquence de boues lacustres à laminations rythmiques passant vers le haut à des silts et des argiles glaciolacustres interrompus par des corps de sable d'ampleur régionale (SU5). La séquence e...

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Section: Su5: Upper Glaciolacustrine Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pre-Late Wisconsin stratigraphy of southern Simcoe County, Ontario: implications for ice sheet buildup, decay, and Great Lakes drainage evolution

Mulligan

Bajc

2018

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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“…Submarine landslides -Go with the flow Submarine landslides occur worldwide in a large variety of geological-tectonic environments, for example open ocean settings on passive margins (e.g., Grand Banks (Piper et al, 1999), Storegga (Bugge et al, 1988;Solheim et al, 2005a), Hinlopen-Yermak (Vanneste et al, 2006;Vanneste et al, 2011b), Big'95 (Lastras et al, 2004a), on active margins (Goldfinger et al, 2000;Cochonat et al, 2002), in volcanic areas and island flanks (Moore et al, 1989;Masson et al, 1998), but also in lakes (Bøe et al, 2004;Strasser et al, 2007;Vardy et al, 2010) and fjords (Longva et al, 2003;Levesque et al, 2006;L'Heureux, 2009;Vanneste et al, 2013). Most -if not all -of the submarine landslides develop in a common pattern, irrespective of the landslide type (slump, slide, debris flow, etc.)…”

Section: Introduction Outline Of This Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Seafloor instabilities and sediment deformation processes: The need for integrated, multi-disciplinary investigations

Vanneste¹,

Sultan²,

Garziglia³

et al. 2014

Marine Geology

127

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Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. a Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site 2Highlights ► Sediment deformation and instability processes require integrated investigations ► Regional geology and environment control pre-conditioning factors ► There is paucity of high-quality geotechnical data and links with geophysics ► Challenges remain with triggers, pore pressure, landslide dynamics and weak layers ► Hazard and risk require event identification, recurrence frequency and magnitudes ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 5 to be addressed. A few examples of causative or preconditioning factors not addressed in this paper are permafrost and freeze-thaw cycles, large sediment input at deltas, large tidal fluctuations, static and cyclic liquefaction, or creep. Other types of instabilities, like rock falls, lie beyond the scope of this work. Offshore GeohazardsA geohazards is defined as a geological condition which represents -or has the potential to develop further into -a situation leading to damage or uncontrolled risk. Submarine landsliding is one of the most critical of offshore geohazards. Other examples include shallow sediment deformation phenomena (e.g., mud diapirism, gas chimneys, pockmarks, gas hydrates), but also shallow water flows, shallow gas accumulations, and seismicity ( Figure 1). Specific threats to society are the disappearance of valuable land near the shorelines, devastation of coastal areas by landslidegenerated tsunamis and the destruction of seafloor installations (e.g., communication cables, pipelines, templates). Assessing and mitigating offshore geohazards also implies estimating of risks, where probabilities associated with the different scenarios are difficult to quantify (Vanneste et al., 2011a). This becomes of primary importance as exploration and field development has developed rapidly in areas where geohazards may pose a risk since the 1990's, considering that both natural causes and human interferences may provide the ultimate trigger for instability.The results from large-scale national and international geosurvey efforts (e.g., MAREANO, Norway;MaGIC, Italy; ZEE project, Spain; UNCLOS, USA; NEREIDA, Canada) -in addition to the site surveying and reservoir imaging done by the offshore industry -to map the continental margins in ever increasing resolution, clearly indicate that recent mass movements with a variety of dimensions are common features on the seabed. More data were collected in the framework of dedicated slope stability investigation programmes, e.g., COSTA. In this paper, we discriminate between mass movements or slope instabilities on the one hand side and more local sediment deformation processes on the other side, as these phenomena may require different investigation methods due to A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 7 clays with extrem...

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“…Recent studies using high-resolution single and multi-channel Boomer profiles and 2D seismic reflection data (Vardy et al, 2010;Lowag et al, 2012;Pinson et al, 2013) have been correlated with existing core stratigraphies (Pennington, 1943(Pennington, , 1975Smith, 1959;Mackereth, 1971) to reconstruct the broad depositional history of the lake basin. Amelioration of the climate and removal of ice from the catchment during the late Pleistocene led to a marked change in sedimentation, characterised by a drape of Holocene mud forming a thick sediment overburden (Pennington, 1981).…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake bed geomorphology and sedimentary processes in glacial lake Windermere, UK

et al. 2013

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A 1:10,000 map of the geomorphological features and sedimentary processes shaping the landscape is presented for Windermere, the largest lake in the English Lake District. Highresolution multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data, lake bed photography and sediment samples reveal a complex landform record, and have been used to identify nine sub-basins separated by steps, ridges and isolated topographic highs probably related to the retreat of the British and Irish Ice Sheet. Debris flows and anthropogenic features are superimposed on the general bathymetric framework formed since the Last Glacial Maximum. Five distinct lake bed facies are identified through ground-truthing, and are used to describe the sedimentology of the lake revealing a dominance of gyttja. Coarser sediments are found in lake-marginal shallow waters, where the morphology is shaped by dredging scars and circular dredging deposits. Post-glacial slope failure and modern sedimentary processes such as debris flows have further shaped the lake bed and removed the surface drape of gyttja, exposing an underlying facies of Pre-Holocene finely laminated mud.

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3D seismic imaging of buried Younger Dryas mass movement flows: Lake Windermere, UK

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

The pre-Late Wisconsin stratigraphy of southern Simcoe County, Ontario: implications for ice sheet buildup, decay, and Great Lakes drainage evolution

The pre-Late Wisconsin stratigraphy of southern Simcoe County, Ontario: implications for ice sheet buildup, decay, and Great Lakes drainage evolution

Seafloor instabilities and sediment deformation processes: The need for integrated, multi-disciplinary investigations

Lake bed geomorphology and sedimentary processes in glacial lake Windermere, UK

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