“…Various synthetic methods and conditions have been examined to obtain CuO with specific sizes and structures for successful applications . These synthetic methods involve wet chemical precipitation methods, − thermal decomposition of copper(II) compounds, − thermal oxidation of copper in a solid–gas system, − hydrothermal methods, − electrochemical methods, , and sonochemical methods. , Various CuO nanoparticles and nanostructures have been synthesized, for example, nanoparticles having different sizes ,,, and microstructures with rod, ,,, needle/fiber, ,,,, wire, ,,, ribbon, , film/sheet/plate, ,,, spherical, , cage, dendrite-like, flower-like, ,,,− and urchin-like shapes. Although the CuO synthetic route in solid–gas systems involving the thermal decomposition of copper(II) compounds and the thermal oxidation of Cu is classical, the reaction processes are fundamentally important when a large scale and cost effective synthesis of CuO with desired properties is considered.…”