3D reconstruction of coronary arteries from 2D angiographic projections using non-uniform rational basis splines (NURBS) for accurate modelling of coronary stenoses

Abstract

ObjectiveAssessment of coronary stenosis severity is crucial in clinical practice. This study proposes a novel method to generate 3D models of stenotic coronary arteries, directly from 2D coronary images, and suitable for immediate assessment of the stenosis severity. MethodsFrom multiple 2D X-ray coronary arteriogram projections, 2D vessels were extracted. A 3D centreline was reconstructed as intersection of surfaces from corresponding branches. Next, 3D luminal contours were generated in a two-step process: first, a Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) circular contour was designed and, second, its control points were adjusted to interpolate computed 3D boundary points. Finally, a 3D surface was generated as an interpolation across the control points of the contours and used in the analysis of the severity of a lesion. To evaluate the method, we compared 3D reconstructed lesions with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), an invasive imaging modality that enables high-resolution endoluminal visualization of lesion anatomy. ResultsValidation was performed on routine clinical data. Analysis of paired cross-sectional area discrepancies indicated that the proposed method more closely represented OCT contours than conventional approaches in luminal surface reconstruction, with overall root-meansquare errors ranging from 0. ConclusionThe algorithm accurately reconstructed 3D models of lesioned arteries and enabled quantitative assessment of stenoses. The proposed method has the potential to allow immediate analysis of the stenoses in clinical practice, thereby providing incremental diagnostic and prognostic information to guide treatments in real time and without the need for invasive techniques.

Point Cloud Data Processing and Analysis for 3D Measurement of Ship Hull Plate

“…The use of laser scanning equipment to obtain a large number of point clouds is quite large, and it is inevitably introduced With noise due to various factors such as the accuracy of the measuring equipment, the surface morphology of the ship to be tested, and the experience of the operator (3)(4). Therefore, laser point cloud data processing is to obtain accurate and complete measurement data and to ensure the accuracy of the completion.…”

“…The emergence of 3D laser scanner solves this practical problem. Through 3D laser scanning technology, also known as "real scene copy technology", its non-contact, fast scanning speed, large amount of information acquisition, high precision, real-time and full automation The advantages of complex environmental measurement, overcoming the limitations of traditional measuring instruments, become an important means to directly obtain high-precision three-dimensional data of the target and realize three-dimensional visualization (3).…”

“…The section line method is to cut a set of curves by cutting a plane parallel to the surface to be measured, and first fix a section in the X axis before the actual measurement. The measurement is performed by moving one step at a certain step to obtain a data point on one section, that is, the scanning line; then, after moving a predetermined distance in the Y direction, the other section is successively moved in the X axis to obtain another section data, and finally The resulting data is a set of mutually parallel scan lines (1)(2)(3). The scanning path of the laser sensor during laser scanning is shown in Fig.…”

Point-Cloud Method for Automated 3D Coronary Tree Reconstruction From Multiple Non-Simultaneous Angiographic Projections

“…Recently, a nonuniform rational basis splines (NURBS) based CA reconstruction method was proposed where the 3D centerline is reconstructed as the intersection of surfaces from corresponding branches [4]. The point correspondences are identified at uniform distances on the projected planes and the 3D luminal contours are generated using NURBS contours over the computed 3D boundary.…”

“…Some algorithms are only applicable on biplane angiograms and do not involve any motion correction or geometry calibration steps [27]- [30]. Many existing 3D reconstruction methods provide only qualitative evaluation of their performance [11], [28] or evaluate with respect to physiological information [4]. Although some methods have quantitatively evaluated their reconstruction performance over synthetic or clinical images, their average reprojection error is often high enough to introduce significant distortions or discontinuities along vessel geometry [10], [22].…”