3D printing via ambient reactive extrusion

Rios, Orlando; Carter, William; Post, Brian; Lloyd, Peter; Fenn, David B; Kutchko, Cindy; Rock, Reza M.; Olson, Kurt G.; Compton, Brett G.

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.02.031

Cited by 49 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…“Printability maps” with G ′ plotted against the G ″ have been presented by other authors to correlate printability observations with rheology of various inks for EDP. , Figure shows G ′ as a function of G ″ of the polyesters at T 3DP and the lowest temperature close to room temperature at which shear modulus could be measured for the given polymer. Data could not be recorded for every polyester at room temperature because the axial force generated exceeded the rheometer’s transducer capacity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Rheology, and Assessment of 3D Printability of Multifunctional Polyesters for Extrusion-Based Direct-Write 3D Printing

Jain

Tseng

Tantisuwanno

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers the unprecedented ability to create medical devices with complex architectures matched to the patient’s anatomy. However, the development of 3D printable synthetic polymers for biomedical applications has been relatively slow. Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of a library of single-component, undiluted, modular multifunctional polyesters for extrusion-based direct-write 3D printing (EDP). The polyesters were synthesized using carbodiimide-mediated polyesterification of pendant functionalized diols and succinic acid and characterized using 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and rheology. The rheology was characterized by using small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology and at steady-state shear flow conditions. The viscoelasticity of the polyesters was characterized by plotting master curves using the time–temperature superposition (TTS) principle, which were then validated by Van Gurp-Palmen and Cole–Cole plots. The 3D printability of the polyesters was assessed on the basis of several key parameters including the ability to extrude as continuous filaments, retain the printed shape, form multilayer constructs, and form bridge-spanning filaments without significant sagging or collapse. The rheological characterization suggests that the polyesters are unentangled melts that facilitate printing at ambient temperatures without the use of external additives or solvents. The presence of supramolecular interactions inducing pendant functional groups forms a temporary, physical cross-link-like network that enables 3D shape retention. The insights from this study will further assist in the design and characterization of 3D printable polymer melts for biomedical applications and standardizing the assessment of polymer 3D printability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Rheology, and Assessment of 3D Printability of Multifunctional Polyesters for Extrusion-Based Direct-Write 3D Printing

Jain

Tseng

Tantisuwanno

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…64 This common approach of engineering the ink to possess shear-thinning rheology allows printing the ink at ambient conditions. Alternative approaches to induce ink gelation after exiting the nozzle 65 include UV assisted (UVA) photopolymerization (Figure 3B), [66][67][68] reactive printing (Figure 3C), 69 and solvent evaporation (Figure 3D). 70 The time scale for solvent evaporation has a large impact on the printing process.…”

Section: Direct Ink Writementioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion 3D printing of conjugated polymers

Chortos

2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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Conjugated polymers combine electronic charge transport properties with the ability to transport ions, enabling transduction between ionic and electronic currents. Many applications of conjugated polymers, such as biointerfaces, actuators, and energy storage, benefit from 3D structures. Among different methods for 3D fabrication, extrusion-based 3D printing is a versatile approach that is compatible with multimaterial fabrication processes. This review summarizes progress in the emerging field of 3D printed conjugated polymers using three extrusion printing processes: direct ink write, meniscus-guided printing, and electrohydrodynamic printing. Ink designs for direct in write are described in depth, including strategies for modifying the rheology and conductivity of the inks.

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“…In fact, such geometries can be additive manufactured fast, adaptably and with fewer tools. A main advantage is that AM typically eliminates the requirement for tooling, such as molds, dies, or mechanical machining tools, which can make the introduction of new products extremely expensive both in time and money [1], [2].…”

Section: Am-fdm Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is the most used material in AM-FDM applications today, including prototyping through design verification. ABS is sufficiently resistant to heat, chemicals and moisture, that allow FDM components to be used in various functional testing, depending upon the specific application [1], [2], [8]- [11]. FDM is a mechanical manufacturing technology, which works as follows: the source material, in the form of an elliptical shaped fiber, is extruded through a moveable nozzle head where it is deposited as a filament of molten material (raster) on a build-platform (bed).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Plating on AM-FDM ABS Components

et al. 2019

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Fused Deposition Modeling is one of the most common Additive Manufacturing methods for polymers. For some applications, parts manufactured by this method need post-printing surface coating. The present research aims at examining the surface finishing properties of Fused Deposition Modeling Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene parts coated for the first time with laboratory-developed electroless gold. Such coating can be applied for electrical purposes and as a decorative cover for 3D-printed prototypes, as well as on top of printed replicas of archaeological artifacts. Gold was deposited by electroless plating on top printed disk-shaped specimens, making them look like an ancient artifact. The electroless gold film was studied by various methods, including dimensions and mass measurements, qualitative pilling test, multifocal light microscopy, optical profilometer and X-ray diffraction analysis. The gold layer thickness was studied as a function of deposition time. The laboratory-developed electroless gold coating was deposited from a cyanide free bath and was compared to a commercial one deposited from a cyanide bath. The results displayed high-quality gold, and a satisfactory appearance. The roughness of the laboratory gold plated samples was somewhat reduced as the thickness of the gold film was increased, and the surface appearance was improved correspondingly. The developed gold coating can be adapted for various applications, including 3D printed artifacts for museum exhibitions.

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3D printing via ambient reactive extrusion

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Synthesis, Rheology, and Assessment of 3D Printability of Multifunctional Polyesters for Extrusion-Based Direct-Write 3D Printing

Synthesis, Rheology, and Assessment of 3D Printability of Multifunctional Polyesters for Extrusion-Based Direct-Write 3D Printing

Extrusion 3D printing of conjugated polymers

Gold Plating on AM-FDM ABS Components

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