3D printing of oral drugs: a new reality or hype?

Hsiao, Wen‐Kai; Lorber, Barbara; Reitsamer, Herbert A.; Khinast, Johannes G.

doi:10.1080/17425247.2017.1371698

Cited by 98 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This means the maximum efficiency of the drug can be obtained as the storage time is minimised and hence degradation can also be minimised [9]. Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of the first 3D printed drug, Spritram ® , there has been plenty of research that involves the 3D printing of various types of drug delivery systems [10][11][12]. The most easily accessible and low-cost 3D printing is fused deposition modelling (FDM).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development and Optimisation of Novel Polymeric Compositions for Sustained Release Theophylline Caplets (PrintCap) via FDM 3D Printing

2019

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This study reports a thorough investigation combining hot-melt extrusion technology (HME) and a low-cost fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer as a continuous fabrication process for a sustained release drug delivery system. The successful implementation of such an approach presented herein allows local hospitals to manufacture their own medical and pharmaceutical products on-site according to their patients' needs. This will help save time from waiting for suitable products to be manufactured off-site or using traditional manufacturing processes. The filaments were produced by optimising various compositions of pharmaceutical-grade polymers, such as hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), Eudragit ® (RL PO), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), whereas theophylline was used as a model thermally stable drug. For the purpose of the study, twin-screw hot-melt extrusion (HME) was implemented from the view that it would result in the formation of solid dispersion of drug in the polymeric carrier matrices by means of high shear mixing inside the heated barrel. Four filament compositions consisting of different ratios of polymers were produced and their properties were assessed. The mechanical characterisation of the filaments revealed quite robust properties of the filaments suitable for FDM 3D printing of caplets (PrintCap), whereas the solid-state analyses conducted via DSC and XRD showed amorphous nature of the crystalline drug dispersed in the polymeric matrices. Moreover, the surface analysis conducted via SEM showed a smooth surface of the produced filaments as well as caplets where no drug crystals were visible. The in vitro drug release study showed a sustained release profile over 10 h where about 80% of the drug was released from the printed dosage forms. This indicates that our optimised 3D printed caplets could be suitable for the development of sustained release on-demand drug delivery systems.Polymers 2020, 12, 27 2 of 18 3D printing should be able to produce these medicines, in particular, the solid dosage forms that are adjusted according to the patient's need [3]. The use of 3D printing in producing medicines also allows hospitals and pharmacies to manufacture the medications for patients immediately after consultation. This is particularly beneficial for hospitals in remote areas so that they can supply their own patients with just-in-time medications. Apart from that, 3D printing can be used to produce dosage forms with complex shapes and different release patterns cost-effectively, which can otherwise be relatively expensive and difficult to achieve with traditional manufacturing methods [4][5][6]. It is quite difficult to produce products with high complexity via traditional pharmaceutical processes such as compression and encapsulation, and it is not effective in terms of producing personalised products [7]. With 3D printing, it is possible to fabricate medicines of different shapes, sizes, and structures to tailor the release patterns of the drug [8]. It is also more cost-effective to produce personalise...

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confidence: 99%

Development and Optimisation of Novel Polymeric Compositions for Sustained Release Theophylline Caplets (PrintCap) via FDM 3D Printing

2019

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“…The 3DP has been used to develop DDS aiming for better targeting potential and less adverse side effects. [21][22][23] Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies categorized the 3DP processes into seven groups: material jetting, binder jetting, sheet lamination, directed energy deposition, material extrusion, powder bed fusion, and vat polymerization. 24 Among these methods, material jetting, fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering, stereolithography (SLA), direct-write, and bioprinting have been widely used in medical and biomedical studies.…”

Section: Fibers As Ddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 The inkjet (or material jetting), SLA, and FDM methods are currently the most promising techniques for drug delivery applications. 23 A summary of some studies that used these 3DP technologies for drug delivery purposes is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Fibers As Ddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Printed Scaffolds for Cancer Precision Medicine

Shafiee

2020

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Three-dimensional (3D)-engineered scaffolds have been widely investigated as drug delivery systems (DDS) or cancer models with the aim to develop effective cancer therapies. The in vitro and in vivo models developed via 3D printing (3DP) and tissue engineering concepts have significantly contributed to our understanding of cellcell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in the cancer microenvironment. Moreover, 3D tumor models were used to study the therapeutic efficiency of anticancer drugs. The present study aims to provide an overview of applying the 3DP and tissue engineering concepts for cancer studies with suggestions for future research directions. The 3DP technologies being used for the fabrication of personalized DDS have been highlighted and the potential technical approaches and challenges associated with the fused deposition modeling, the inkjetpowder bed, and stereolithography as the most promising 3DP techniques for drug delivery purposes are briefly described. Then, the advances, challenges, and future perspectives in tissue-engineered cancer models for precision medicine are discussed. Overall, future advances in this arena depend on the continuous integration of knowledge from cancer biology, biofabrication techniques, multiomics and patient data, and medical needs to develop effective treatments ultimately leading to improved clinical outcomes.

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“…There are a number of barriers to the creation of personalized viable implants capable of long‐term drug release. These include requirements for sustained drug loading with controlled degradation/release, degradation to nontoxic products, and to be cost effective and industrially scalable . 3D printing offers promising routes to overcome these, and also offers ways to include significant additional benefits through: first, being able to selectively combine multiple drugs into a single system to help address poor compliance associated with high medication burden, and second, facile personalization through on‐demand fabrication .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include requirements for sustained drug loading with controlled degradation/release, degradation to nontoxic products, and to be cost effective and industrially scalable . 3D printing offers promising routes to overcome these, and also offers ways to include significant additional benefits through: first, being able to selectively combine multiple drugs into a single system to help address poor compliance associated with high medication burden, and second, facile personalization through on‐demand fabrication . 3D printing methods have been successfully exploited for pharmaceutical delivery using techniques as diverse as extrusion, stereolithography, and binder jetting .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reactive Prodrug Ink Formulation Strategy for Inkjet 3D Printing of Controlled Release Dosage Forms and Implants

Foralosso

Trindade

et al. 2020

Advanced Therapeutics

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3D printing of oral drugs: a new reality or hype?

Cited by 98 publications

References 9 publications

Development and Optimisation of Novel Polymeric Compositions for Sustained Release Theophylline Caplets (PrintCap) via FDM 3D Printing

Development and Optimisation of Novel Polymeric Compositions for Sustained Release Theophylline Caplets (PrintCap) via FDM 3D Printing

Design and Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Printed Scaffolds for Cancer Precision Medicine

A Reactive Prodrug Ink Formulation Strategy for Inkjet 3D Printing of Controlled Release Dosage Forms and Implants

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