3D Printing of Multilayered and Multimaterial Electronics: A Review

Abstract

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a manufacturing process in which the materials are deposited layer by layer in an additive manner. With the advancement in materials and manufacturing technology, 3D printing has found its applications in the field of electronics manufacturing. Initially, 3D printing is used for the fabrication of electronic components with single material designs such as resistors, inductors, circuits, antennas, strain gauges, etc. Recently, there are many works involving the use of 3D printing fabrication techniques for advanced electronic components and devices such as parallel plate capacitors, inductors, organic light‐emitting diodes, photovoltaics, transistors, displays, etc. which involve multilayer multimaterial printing. Despite these many works, there has been no review on the design and fabrication consideration for the 3D printing of multilayered and multimaterial (MLMM) electronics. As such, this review aims to summarize the current landscape of 3D printing of MLMM electronics and provide some insights on the design consideration, fabrication strategies, and challenges of 3D printing of MLMM electronics. In particular, the focus will be placed on discussing the interface conditions between different materials such as surface wettability, surface roughness, material compatibility, and the considerations for postprocessing treatments.

Application and Development of Modern 3D Printing Technology in the Field of Orthopedics

“…Hoerber et al [ 90 ] combined aerosol jet technology and powder bed fusion to provide an opportunity for the functionalization of 3D printed MLMM electronic devices, such as installation and insertion of electronic components. Combining different 3D printing technologies, through the embedding of electronic components, the connection of circuits between layers, and the alternating printing of insulating and conductive materials, the 3D printing of multilayer circuits is realized [ 91 ].…”

The Influence of the Material Type and the Placement in the Print Chamber on the Roughness of MJF-Printed 3D Objects

“…With recent developments in biomedicine, 3D printing of tissues is already possible, and it may also be feasible to print entire organs in the future [7]. Three-dimensional printing also has its place in the world of electronics, where it can be used to manufacture electronic objects such as circuit boards [8]. A class of much larger 3D printers includes those capable of printing in concrete, which makes it possible to obtain building-like structures [9].…”

Toward High Resolution 3D Printing of Shape-Conformable Batteries via Vat Photopolymerization: Review and Perspective

“…As the printability of the complete battery in one single print (or "one-shot") via VPP still remains one of the main targets to achieve, it is important to note that having composite resins with the same polymeric matrix would improve the adherence between the various layers and components (electrodes, current collectors, electrolyte) in the green state. While multimaterial printing options [42][43][44] had been widely commercialized for material extrusion [2,45], or inkjet additive manufacturing processes, their counterparts for VPP are still scarce as only few attempts at the laboratory scale have been carried out over the last years. These attempts have generally resulted in an exponential decrease in the production rate.…”