3D Printing of Liquid Metals: Recent Advancements and Challenges

Zou, Zhongfei; Chen, Yuewei; Yuan, Sen; Luo, Nan; Li, Jiachun; He, Yong

doi:10.1002/adfm.202213312

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…Multiple LM filling layers have been designed in a single metamaterial to achieve a reconfigurable polarization conversion function. [ 107 ] Combined with 3D printing technology, [ 108,109 ] as shown in Figure 14d, it can reduce the traditional manufacturing time, open up new fields of metamaterial structure and function innovation, and further expand the application field of Ga‐based LMs.…”

Section: Applications Based On the Optical Properties Of Lmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallium‐Based Liquid Metals: Optical Properties, Applications, and Challenges

Wu,

Fang,

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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Originating from the intrinsic metallic and liquid natures, gallium‐based liquid metals (Ga‐based LMs) have been greatly developed in the research of soft electronics, chemical synthesis, and other fields due to their fascinating characteristics. Meanwhile, the development and application of metal optics can help modern medicine and industry reach rapid developmental stages, such as disease imaging, photothermal treatment, and sensor detection. However, Ga‐based LMs have been much less explored in terms of their optical properties, particularly liquid alloys, and few reviews have contributed to their photonic applications. Ga‐based LMs can achieve wideband‐tunable plasmonic resonance and exhibit characteristic optical responses owing to their unique polymorphisms, undercooling, and superior mobility. Ga‐based LMs have broad applications in optical switches and memory, optical sensors, light sources, light‐driven micro or nano‐robots, photoacoustic imaging, and controllable metamaterials. In this study, recent progress in the optical properties of Ga‐based LMs and their potential applications are summarized. Current challenges in optical applications and future perspectives in this research field are summarized and discussed.

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Section: Applications Based On the Optical Properties Of Lmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallium‐Based Liquid Metals: Optical Properties, Applications, and Challenges

Wu,

Fang,

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Besides, the LM can also be embedding into a flexible rubber matrix to synthesize interconnected LM fiber networks [22]. After encapsulation, the flexible electronics are fabricated, such as liquid wire 3D printing [23][24][25], LM coating onto fibers, LM core in hollow fibers, and electrospinning [26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of healing electronic pressure-sensitive soft switch based on liquid metal microfiber

Ren,

Wen,

Bian

2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Flexible and wearable electronics have gained extensive attention in health monitoring, electronic skin, and sensors due to their flexibility, portability, sensitivity, and biocompatibility. Liquid metal (LM) is an optimum conductive material for soft electronic devices because of its high conductivity and fluidity at room temperature. Nevertheless, LM electronic devices with stable dimension is a formidable challenge due to its relatively high surface tension and mass density. In this study, we introduce a wet spinning approach that utilises sodium alginate as the exterior phase and LM as the interior phase. Calcium lactate is used to solidify the sodium alginate, thereby producing liquid metal microfibers (LMMs). The LMMs can be modified by adjusting the flow rate of the two-phase materials. The encapsulated liquid metal microcapsule can serve as a healing electronic soft switch that is suitable for use in wearable and flexible electronic devices. Initially, the Liquid Metal Soft Switch (LMSS) has a high resistance value. Once a specific amount of pressure is applied, the resistance value drops considerably resulting in the switch’s activation. And LMMs coated by the sodium alginate can dissolve in a trisodium citrate solution, so that the liquid metal can be reshaped under mixed each other. It achieves LMSS’s reusability and recycling.

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“…Gallium-based liquid metal at room temperature has attracted extensive interest due to its excellent characteristics such as low toxicity, low melting point, high surface tension, high conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and the flexible ability of motion and deformation. The deformability has endorsed the potential of gallium-based liquid metal in various fields, such as three-dimensional printing, − stretchable and reconfigurable electronics, − soft sensors, , and biomedical treatment. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Oscillation System Based on a Liquid Metal Droplet and Pillars under a Direct Current Electric Field

Dai

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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Gallium-based liquid metal is a new class of material that has attracted extensive attention due to its excellent deformation characteristics and great potential in applications. Based on the deformation characteristics of liquid metal droplets, researchers have developed many oscillation systems composed of gallium indium tin alloy (GaInSn) droplet and graphite, or aluminum-doped gallium indium alloy (Al-GaIn 24.5 ) droplet and iron, and so on. Rather than the oxidation and deoxidation mechanisms used in previous systems, an oscillation system that can achieve gallium indium alloy (EGaIn) droplet oscillation with the frequency of 0−29 Hz is designed depending on the interactions between the electric field, pillars, sodium hydroxide, and the droplet. The forces on the droplet are analyzed specifically, which have a great influence on droplet deformation. Additionally, the effects of factors such as voltage, the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, and droplet size on the droplet oscillation are elucidated based on the force analysis, enabling the flexible control of the oscillation frequency and amplitude of the droplet. This work provides a new perspective on the design of oscillation systems and further enhances our understanding of the deformation of gallium-based liquid metal droplets.

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3D Printing of Liquid Metals: Recent Advancements and Challenges

Cited by 29 publications

References 210 publications

Gallium‐Based Liquid Metals: Optical Properties, Applications, and Challenges

Gallium‐Based Liquid Metals: Optical Properties, Applications, and Challenges

Investigation of healing electronic pressure-sensitive soft switch based on liquid metal microfiber

An Oscillation System Based on a Liquid Metal Droplet and Pillars under a Direct Current Electric Field

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