3D printing of hydroxyapatite scaffolds with good mechanical and biocompatible properties by digital light processing

Additive Manufacturing Methods for Producing Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite-Based Composite Scaffolds: A Review

“…Up to now, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of HApbased 3D-printed scaffolds on the structural and functional behaviors of differentiated cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) and undifferentiated cells (bone-marrow derived MSCs); it could promote osteogenesis-related genes and thereby enhance osteoblast differentiation (Gonçalves et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2017;Huang et al, 2019;Li N. et al, 2019). As an illustration, 3D-printed HAp ceramics obtained by digital light processing showed the ability to improve the growth and proliferation of MC3 T3-E1 osteoblast precursor cell line as well as facilitate the cell adhesion and migration in vitro (Zeng et al, 2018). Furthermore, in vivo experimental studies have proven that 3Dprinted scaffolds made of HAp and its composites could act as excellent bone replacements, thanks to proper osteoconductivity (Cho et al, 2019b;Sha et al, 2019).…”

An overview of critical success factors for implementing 3D printing technology in manufacturing firms

“…The quality of 3D printed objects is expected to be enhanced by using 3D printing technology and can increase the mechanical properties of prod-ucts. According to Zeng et al, [34], hydroxyapatite (HAp) has poor mechanical properties and cannot be used in load-bearing implants. However, by using the Digital Light Processing (DLP) machine, the results showed HAp was suitable for DLP 3D printing technology and could form HAp ceramic parts with excellent biocompatibility and compressive properties [34].…”

“…According to Zeng et al, [34], hydroxyapatite (HAp) has poor mechanical properties and cannot be used in load-bearing implants. However, by using the Digital Light Processing (DLP) machine, the results showed HAp was suitable for DLP 3D printing technology and could form HAp ceramic parts with excellent biocompatibility and compressive properties [34]. Meanwhile, Wang et al, [35] mentioned that the type of machine also played an important role in implementing 3D printing technology.…”

Additive manufacturing of SiBCN/Si3N4w composites from preceramic polymers by digital light processing

“…[4][5][6] Stereolithography (SLA) and its derivatives (i.e., digital light processing (DLP)) are a class of technologies that display much higher printing resolution compared with other 3D-printing methods. 7 Scholars have assessed the SLA 3D printing of various ceramic slurries, [8][9][10][11] such as ZrO 2 , 8,12 Al 2 O 3 (ref. 11 and 13) and hydroxyapatite.…”

“…11 and 13) and hydroxyapatite. 10 The ceramic slurries were prepared by mixing ceramic powders with acrylate resins. However, some ceramic powders (e.g., SiC, SiBCN, ZrC) exhibit a high refractive index, leading to high light refraction and absorption, which signicantly reduces the light-penetration depth in the slurry material and disables the SLA printing process of the ceramic slurry.…”