3D printing of high performance cyanate ester thermoset polymers

Chandrasekaran, Swetha; Duoss, Eric B.; Worsley, Marcus A.; Lewicki, James P.

doi:10.1039/c7ta09466c

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…also reported the use of a cyclotrimerization reaction to enhance the thermal stability of rheologically tailored cyanate ester (CE) resin ink. [ 69 ] Thermo‐oxidative stability shows no obvious change in mass of the fully cured, printed CE resins at temperatures up to 400 °C. Incorporating a salt as a sacrificial carrier material into the precursor inks represent another efficient approach to enhance the 3D printability of thermoset polymers.…”

Section: Materials Designs For 3d Printabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

et al. 2020

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3D printing is a rapidly growing technology that has an enormous potential to impact a wide range of industries such as engineering, art, education, medicine, and aerospace. The flexibility in design provided by this technique offers many opportunities for manufacturing sophisticated 3D devices. The most widely utilized method is an extrusion‐based solid‐freeform fabrication approach, which is an extremely attractive additive manufacturing technology in both academic and industrial research communities. This method is versatile, with the ability to print a range of dimensions, multimaterial, and multifunctional 3D structures. It is also a very affordable technique in prototyping. However, the lack of variety in printable polymers with advanced material properties becomes the main bottleneck in further development of this technology. Herein, a comprehensive review is provided, focusing on material design strategies to achieve or enhance the 3D printability of a range of polymers including thermoplastics, thermosets, hydrogels, and other polymers by extrusion techniques. Moreover, diverse advanced properties exhibited by such printed polymers, such as mechanical strength, conductance, self‐healing, as well as other integrated properties are highlighted. Lastly, the stimuli responsiveness of the 3D printed polymeric materials including shape morphing, degradability, and color changing is also discussed.

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Section: Materials Designs For 3d Printabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of dynamic bonds which undergo reversible breaking, exchange and reformation could be utilized to modify the printability of polymers as well as imparting various advanced functions. [ 41–58,62–67,59,68,60,69,70,72,61,73,71,82,86–88,74–81,83–85,89–133,244,258 , …”

Section: Summary and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

et al. 2020

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“…There is growing interest in developing natural materials for additive manufacturing as renewable, recyclable, and environmentally safe alternatives to the materials currently in use . Natural materials, such as starch, have been used in 3D printing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Amylopectin‐Based Natural Fiber Composites

Jiang

Raney

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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Many ancient Chinese structures, such as portions of the Great Wall, use a unique mortar that derives from glutinous rice (commonly called “sticky rice”). Unlike other types of rice, sticky rice is rich in amylopectin with negligible amylose. Inspired by the long‐term stability of the amylopectin‐based mortars in ancient structures, sticky rice (SR)‐based materials for 3D printing are developed. Heat causes amylopectin gelatinization, during which molecular branches open to form a large network of gel balls. This causes a merger of the granules and improved interaction between the matrix and fillers. To enhance the mechanical properties, cotton fibers are included, ≈11 µm in diameter. During amylopectin gelatinization, secondary fibers emerge from the primary fibers, creating a complex two‐level fiber network. Both the fibers and matrix constitute a 3D printable fiber composite consisting entirely of natural, inexpensive, and scalable components. The processing steps make no use of any non‐natural materials or hazardous chemicals. A systematic design of experiments is conducted to understand the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties. Scalability by printing low‐density cellular materials is demonstrated. Finally, it is shown that SR composites are more resilient than common thermoplastic composites when subjected to flame, heat, or ultraviolet light.

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“…Thus, in the search to achieve superior performance, coupled with reduction in cost, cyanate‐modified epoxy resins offer an attractive family of hybrids with many of the beneficial properties shared by both homopolymers . These drawbacks could be surmounted by developing formulations using nanoclays, which are relatively cheap and are expected to yield competitive performance characteristics …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of epoxy‐cyanate ester‐clay nanocomposites offering enhanced thermally stability

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Gouthaman

Kanemoto

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The preparation and characterization of blends of a series of dicyanate monomers such as 2,2 0 -bis(4-cyanatophenyl) propane (DCDPP), bis-4-cyanato-biphenyl (DCBP), bis-4-cyanatonaphthalene (DCN), 3,3 0 -bis(4-cyanatophenyl)sulphide (DCTDP), 3,3 0 -bis (4-cyanatophenyl)sulphone (DCDPS), and the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A are reported. These copolymers are combined with a montmorillionite nanoclay and both epoxy-cyanate blends and epoxy-cyanate blends-nanoclay composites are all analyzed for thermal stability, thermal degradation kinetics, flame retardancy, and impact strength. The nanocomposites are further characterized by X-ray diffraction and SEM to determine morphological features, from which structure-property relationships are determined. Dispersion of the nanoclay is of paramount importance, but its inclusion serves to improve char yield and impact strength, when this is achieved.

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3D printing of high performance cyanate ester thermoset polymers

Abstract: We report 3D printing of a ‘pure’ thermal cure cyanate ester for the fabrication of robust 3D printed structures through the formulation, tailoring and post processing of a custom ‘ink’ for Direct Ink Writing.

Cited by 72 publications

References 20 publications

Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

3D Printing of Amylopectin‐Based Natural Fiber Composites

Development of epoxy‐cyanate ester‐clay nanocomposites offering enhanced thermally stability

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