3D printing of canine hip dysplasia: anatomic models and radiographs

Abstract

Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD) is a highly prevalent articular pathological condition. In this sense, radiography becomes an important diagnostic method to determine the presence and severity of the disease. The objective was to create 3D models and their respective radiographs representing the CHD (3D AMCHD). The research was carried out in the Laboratory of 3D Educational Technologies of UFAC, under no. 23107.007273/2017-49 (CEUA/UFAC). A canine skeleton (hip bone, femurs and patellae) was used without anatomical deformities compatible with DCF (pelvis, femurs and patella), which were scanned in order to obtain the files of the base model. In these files the deformations representing the different degrees of CHD were performed. Subsequently, the 3D AMCHD files were printed, mounted and X-rayed. The 3D AMCHD represented the bone deformations of the different degrees of CHD. In the radiographs of the 3D AMCHD it was possible to observe and determine each of the bones that constituted the hip joints. This allowed to reproduce the correct positioning to represent the CHD diagnosis and establish the precise points to determine the Norberg angle. In this way, it was evidenced that the 3D AMCHD can be a possible tool to be used in the Teaching of Veterinary Medicine.

3D printing of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic canine skulls and mandibles: a complement to traditional osteotechnique

“…The total values did not exceed US$ 4.00 to brachiocephalic 3D SAMCH and US$ 5.00 to dolicocephalic 3D SAMCH, including the amount of filament used for scaffolding and electricity. Meanwhile, in the study by Nunez et al (2020), 653.55 g of thermoplastic filament (ABS) were used for printing a set of 3D models of canine hip dysplasia and the reported cost was US$ 20.25. By comparison, even when printing different parts, we observed similarities in the type of material, amount used, and cost of printing.…”

“…Furthermore, 3D anatomopathological models representing orthopedic conditions have already been used as educational tools applied to the teaching-learning of animal anatomy. Some examples are the 3D synthetic models of patellar dislocation (CARVALHO et al, 2019), mandibular fracture (LIMA et al, 2019), and hip dysplasia, representing different degrees of these common bone disorders in dogs (NUNEZ et al, 2020).…”

“…The 3D synthetic anatomical model is a representation of an in natura bone and its respective sets of anatomical structures that compose it (NEVES et al, 2020;NUNEZ et al, 2020). However, precisely due to the fact that it is only a bony representation, it can be a limiting factor that impacts on the training of veterinary medicine students.…”

“…It is interpreted by the 3D printer, which consequently performs the thermoplastic deposit. The inclusion of this material in an organized and sequential way can generate the 3D synthetic anatomical model (NUNEZ et al, 2020).…”

“…In this field, it has already been used in orthopedic implants production (CASTILHO et al, 2014), clinical training (O 'REILLY et al, 2016, preclinical radiotherapy (MCCAROLL et al, 2015), surgical planning (KIM et al, 2018), and education. In this latter, it includes studies in anatomy (LI et al, 2018), clinic (LIMA et al, 2019), diagnostic imaging (NUNEZ et al, 2020), surgery (CARVALHO et al, 2019), and anesthesiology (NEVES et al, 2020). However, there are no studies that correlate the morphology of different types of skulls in dogs and their 3D printing as a tool for teaching-learning canine anatomy.…”