3D printing of bone and cartilage with polymer materials

Abstract

Damage and degeneration to bone and articular cartilage are the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability. Commonly used clinical and surgical methods include autologous/allogeneic bone and cartilage transplantation, vascularized bone transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation, mosaicplasty, and joint replacement. 3D bio printing technology to construct implants by layer-by-layer printing of biological materials, living cells, and other biologically active substances in vitro, which is expected to replace the repair mentioned above methods. Researchers use cells and biomedical materials as discrete materials. 3D bio printing has largely solved the problem of insufficient organ donors with the ability to prepare different organs and tissue structures. This paper mainly discusses the application of polymer materials, bio printing cell selection, and its application in bone and cartilage repair.

Drug Delivery Systems in Regenerative Medicine: An Updated Review

“…It permits the replication of body organs or tissues (e.g., muscular, vascular, and skeletal systems) by depositing multiple biomaterials, cells, and bioactive molecules to create biomimetic 3D constructs Thus, offering a potential solution to the field of organ replacement and transplantation in the future [ 23 ]. Several trials of 3D tissue bioprinting have been presented, which include obtaining biomimetic structures of bone, cartilage [ 24 ], skin [ 25 ], and heart [ 26 ]. The emergence of 4D bioprinting has created novel opportunities to efficiently mimic the dynamics of native tissue and allow the delivery of drugs and cells [ 27 ].…”