2020
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202006697
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3D Printing Hydrogel Scaffolds with Nanohydroxyapatite Gradient to Effectively Repair Osteochondral Defects in Rats

Abstract: Osteochondral (OC) defects pose an enormous challenge with no entirely satisfactory repair strategy to date. Herein, a 3D printed gradient hydrogel scaffold with a similar structure to that of OC tissue is designed, involving a pure hydrogel‐based top cartilage layer, an intermediate layer for calcified cartilage with 40% (w w−1) nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and 60% (w w−1) hydrogel, and a 70/30% (w w−1) nHA/hydrogel‐based bottom subchondral bone layer. This study is conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the scaff… Show more

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Cited by 94 publications
(109 citation statements)
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References 49 publications
(32 reference statements)
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“…The recapitulation of the mechanical properties of cartilage is a highly challenging task because cartilage is a load-bearing tissue that is exposed to continuous and repeated friction and compression. The use of bioprinting approaches that employ multi-materials[ 33 , 34 ], multi-cell types[ 31 ], and multi-stages[ 34 , 35 ] has enabled the substantial progress in this particular front. Today, relatively complex and large (~ 1–10 cm 3 ) bioprinted constructs of cartilage have been implanted in large animal models[ 33 , 35 ] with excellent results in terms of both integration and mechanical performance.…”
Section: Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The recapitulation of the mechanical properties of cartilage is a highly challenging task because cartilage is a load-bearing tissue that is exposed to continuous and repeated friction and compression. The use of bioprinting approaches that employ multi-materials[ 33 , 34 ], multi-cell types[ 31 ], and multi-stages[ 34 , 35 ] has enabled the substantial progress in this particular front. Today, relatively complex and large (~ 1–10 cm 3 ) bioprinted constructs of cartilage have been implanted in large animal models[ 33 , 35 ] with excellent results in terms of both integration and mechanical performance.…”
Section: Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After implantation at the defect site, osseointegration to the scaffold readily occurs due to bone's high metabolism and cell content, including stem cells [ 10 ]. Because of the scaffold's intricate stratified structure, the vertical integration of cartilage to the underlying bone occurs to a considerable extent [ 11 , 12 ]. Nevertheless, the lateral integration of neocartilage to adjacent cartilage is a difficult problem that urgently needs to be solved [ 2 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The recent development of advanced biomaterials including inorganic materials [ [15] , [16] , [17] ], organic polymers [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] ], and their composites [ 25 , 26 ] has shown great promise for accelerating bone reconstruction [ 27 , 28 ], providing alternatives bone remodeling methods [ [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] ]. Despite the outcomes of biomaterials for bone repair, many issues still hinder the clinical transformation from several aspects.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%