3D Printing Concrete with Reinforcement

Bos, FP Freek; Ahmed, ZY Zeeshan; Wolfs, Rob; Salet, Tam Theo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_283

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Finally, it is noted that the anchorage lengths calculated in Table 4 can, globally, be matched with the experimental results presented by [ 30 ] of reinforced printed beams, loaded in four-point bending. In those tests, the distance between the load and support points on either side of a beam were 160 mm, while the cantilever over the support point was 35 ± 5 mm, resulting in a total anchorage length of 195 ± 5 mm when calculating from one support point.…”

Section: Pull-out Testsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…One of the techniques that is being developed at the TU Eindhoven (TU/e) builds on the idea of embedding a coil. Bos et al [ 30 ] published the first results using entrained steel cable wires as a reinforcement medium. The current paper presents a more comprehensive study of this concept, intending to: develop a suitable entrainment device and determine a suitable medium to act as reinforcement, globally establish pull-out characteristics such as bond strength and anchorage length of this medium in printed and cast concrete, achieve ductile failure behaviour of printed concrete beams in bending, explore any process-characteristic behaviour, aspects, and issues to be considered in further development of this concept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Exploration of Metal Cable as Reinforcement in 3D Printed Concrete

et al. 2017

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The Material Deposition Method (MDM) is enjoying increasing attention as an additive method to create concrete mortar structures characterised by a high degree of form-freedom, a lack of geometrical repetition, and automated construction. Several small-scale structures have been realised around the world, or are under preparation. However, the nature of this construction method is unsuitable for conventional reinforcement methods to achieve ductile failure behaviour. Sometimes, this is solved by combining printing with conventional casting and reinforcing techniques. This study, however, explores an alternative strategy, namely to directly entrain a metal cable in the concrete filament during printing to serve as reinforcement. A device is introduced to apply the reinforcement. Several options for online reinforcement media are compared for printability. Considerations specific to the manufacturing process are discussed. Subsequently, pull-out tests on cast and printed specimens provide an initial characterisation of bond behaviour. Bending tests furthermore show the potential of this reinforcement method. The bond stress of cables in printed concrete was comparable to values reported for smooth rebar but lower than that of the same cables in cast concrete. The scatter in experimental results was high. When sufficient bond length is available, ductile failure behaviour for tension parallel to the filament direction can be achieved, even though cable slip occurs. Further improvements to the process should pave the way to achieve better post-crack resistance, as the concept in itself is feasible.

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Section: Pull-out Testsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Exploration of Metal Cable as Reinforcement in 3D Printed Concrete

et al. 2017

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“…This concept has been described by Bos et al (2017aBos et al ( , 2017b. Apart from acting as a reinforcement, the wire also serves a confinement, as demonstrated in Figure 8.…”

Section: Final Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a 3D printed concrete bridge by testing

Salet

Ahmed

Bos

et al. 2018

Virtual and Physical Prototyping

Self Cite

314

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The current state of research and development into the additive manufacturing of concrete is poised to become a disruptive technology in the construction industry. Although many academic and industrial institutions have successfully realised full-scale structures, the limitations in the current codes of practice to evaluate their structural integrity have resulted in most of these structures still not being certified as safe for public utilisation and thus deemed as test prototypes for display purpose only. To realise a 3D concrete printed (3DCP) structure which could be certified safe for public use, a bridge was realised using the print facility of the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) based on the concept of 'Design by Testing'. This paper holistically discusses the complications encountered while realising a reinforced 3DCP bridge in a public traffic network and decisions taken to find solutions for overcoming them. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Figure 4 displays the graphical illustration of the printing system via using 6-DOF and a progressive cavity pump in the current study (Shakor et al, 2017a). In 3DP by concrete, various pumps have been used such as a progressive cavity pump (Shakor et al, 2017a), peristaltic pump (Gosselin et al, 2016), pneumatic pump (Bos et al, 2018), and piston pump (Malaeb et al, 2015). Each of the pumps had limitations such as pressure, flow rate and heat transmission to the slurry.…”

Section: Extruder Adaptation and Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Emerging Additive Manufacturing Technologies in 3D Printing of Cementitious Materials in the Construction Industry

Shakor

Nejadi

Paul

et al. 2019

Front. Built Environ.

108

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Additive manufacturing is a fabrication technology that is rapidly revolutionizing the manufacturing and construction sectors. In this paper, a review of various prototyping technologies for printing cementitious materials and selected 3D printing techniques are presented in detail. Benchmark examples are provided to compare three well-known printing techniques; inkjet printing (binder jetting), selected laser sintering (SLS), and extrusion printing (extrusion based process). A comprehensive search in the literature was conducted to identify various mix designs that could be employed when printing cementitious materials. Aspects of concrete mix design are described, and some new experiments are conducted to analyse the printability of new mixes by the authors. Future research in the area of the rheology of cementitious materials and its relationship with the structural performance of finished concretes are highlighted.

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3D Printing Concrete with Reinforcement

Cited by 70 publications

References 4 publications

Experimental Exploration of Metal Cable as Reinforcement in 3D Printed Concrete

Experimental Exploration of Metal Cable as Reinforcement in 3D Printed Concrete

Design of a 3D printed concrete bridge by testing

Review of Emerging Additive Manufacturing Technologies in 3D Printing of Cementitious Materials in the Construction Industry

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