3D printing and spine surgery

Abstract

Rapid prototyping (RP), also known as three-dimensional printing (3DP), allows the rapid conversion of anatomical images into physical components by the use of special printers. This novel technology has also become a promising innovation for spine surgery. As a result of the developments in 3DP technology, production speeds have increased, and costs have decreased. This technological development can be used extensively in different parts of spine surgery such as preoperative planning, surgical simulations, patient–clinician communication, education, intraoperative guidance, and even implantable devices. However, similar to other emerging technologies, the usage of RP in spine surgery has various drawbacks that are needed to be addressed through further studies.

3D Printing Individualized Assisted Repair and Reconstruction of Irregular Bone Neoplastic Bone Defects: Exploration and Practice in Scapular Aneurysmal Cystic Bone Defects

“…The progress of 3D printing technology combined with the innovation of digital imaging equipment has greatly promoted the treatment of irregular bone and other parts of the tumor bone defect. 3D printing technology has outstanding advantages in repairing irregular bone tumor bone defects (1) Develop a surgical plan: By using the computer, the location of the peripheral nerves and blood vessels of the focus can be observed in many directions and angles, so as to avoid accidental injury to the nerves and vessels during the operation and accurately measure the volume of the tumor and bone defect, which provides a basis for cleaning up the focus before operation According to the printed model preformed steel plate, determine the length and Radian of the steel plate and the number and direction of screws, and customize the personalized and accurate operation plan [13,14]. (2) Simulated operation: Simulate the operation according to the operation plan, constantly improve the operation plan, and determine the best incision position and internal xation position and direction.…”

“…Through the computer three-dimensional simulation map and 3D printed solid model, the structure of the real lesion can be presented in front of the eyes, which can more intuitively show the characteristics of the lesion to the patients and their families, explain and explain the treatment plan. so that patients and their families have a clearer understanding of the disease, improve the e ciency of doctor-patient communication, improve the relationship between doctors and patients, but also help patients to cooperate with rehabilitation treatment in the later stage [14,19]. Therefore, 3D printing technology is applied to the repair and reconstruction of irregular bone tumor bone defects, and the speci c three-dimensional physical model can be printed based on the imaging data before the operation to further understand the speci c situation of the tumor and bone defect and the distribution of blood vessels around the disease.…”

“…During the operation, the model can be put on the operating table after disinfection, and the model can be referred to at any time during the operation, so as to reduce the peeling and injury of soft tissue, reduce the time of operation, reduce the time of intraoperative bleeding, reduce the time of anesthesia, the frequency of use of C-arm and the dosage of antibiotics during operation. to reduce the risk of surgery [14][15][16]. Stefan Tserovski et al [4] the use of 3D printing technology combined with printed models to assist in diagnosis and treatment in hip revision not only improves the accuracy of diagnosis, but also helps the team to determine the type and size of the prosthesis before operation.…”

The three-dimensional printed template guided technique for S2 alar iliac screw placement and a comparison with freehand technique

“…The 3D models help surgeons to identified landmarks of anatomy and simplified surgical procedure, and it also can be a perfect instrument for improving patient–doctor communication. 21 The utilization of 3D models has been related to better doctor–patient relations and educated assent in adult and pediatric patients. Additionally, three-dimensional rapid prototyping (3DRP) technology became an excellent facility to avert the risks of complications by helping surgeons in determining the pedicle entry points and accurate trajectories for pedicle screw insertion by manufacturing 3D-printed guides according to the preoperative CT images.…”

Transpedicular fixation of the spine with two-level navigation templates for narrow pedicles

“…Цель исследования -оценка корректности имплантации транспедикулярных винтов с использованием двухуровневых навигацион-ных шаблонов в позвонки грудного и поясничного отделов позвоночника при малых размерах корня дуги. ничном отделах позвоночника представлены менее широко [7][8][9], однако в ряде работ сообщается об успешном применении данного подхода в лечении подросткового идиопатического сколиоза [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], деформаций на фоне пороков развития [12-15, 18, 19], нейромышечных заболеваний [13,20], посттуберкулезного кифоза [12], анкилозирующего спондилита [21], окостенения задней продольной связки [22], а также при онкологических [22,23] и дегенеративных [24] поражениях и переломах позвонков [23,25].…”