3D Printing and Characterization of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Methylcellulose for Biodegradable Support Structures

Polamaplly, Prashant; Cheng, Yiliang; Shi, Xiaolei; Manikandan, Karthick; Kremer, Gül E.; Qin, Hantang

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.219

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The customized 3D printer used for this study was described in a previous publication, and the extrusion process was driven by a stepper motor 18 . An extrusion‐based syringe was configured on the platform of the Velleman K8200 3D printer (Velleman Inc.) for 3D printing purposes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was designed to fill the knowledge gap by using rheological properties to predict the printability of a potential excipient and revealing the drug loading capacity with the demonstration of a 3D printed tablet's microstructure. In the previous study, methylcellulose (MC) A4M exhibited the shear‐thinning flow behavior, and successfully printed by an SSE‐based 3D printer to fabricate the biodegradable support structure and exhibited prominent shape retention ability under different concentrations 18 . The shear thinning has already been determined as one of the most critical characteristics to assess the printability of bioink materials for tissue engineering applications 19,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of methylcellulose‐based sustained‐release dosage by semisolid extrusion additive manufacturing in drug delivery system

et al. 2020

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The objective of this study is to fabricate customized dosage forms using extrusionbased 3D printing for the sustained delivery of theophylline. The therapeutic paste was prepared by combining various doses of theophylline (0, 75, 100, and 125 mg) with different concentrations of methylcellulose (MC) A4M (8, 10, and 12%). The paste was then 3D printed into semisolid tablets under optimized printing conditions. The rheological properties of printing pastes were related to the 3D printability. Our results indicated that to be 3D printed using the current platform, the storage modulus (G 0) of the printing paste should be higher than the loss modulus (G 00) during the frequency sweep (0.1-600 rad/s), and the tan δ should fall in the range of 0.25-0.27 at 0.63 rad/s. The printed tablets formulated with 10% MC showed the highest overall quality, considering the aspects of resolution, texture, and shape retention regardless of the dosage. The scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the cross-linked structure of MC A4M formed the microscale porous microstructure, which has the potential to embed the theophylline, thus delayed the release through the barrier effect. The in vitro dissolution test revealed that the 3D printed tablets exhibited a sustained release during the first 12 hr. The findings in this study will support the development of customized, personalized medicine with improved efficacy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of methylcellulose‐based sustained‐release dosage by semisolid extrusion additive manufacturing in drug delivery system

et al. 2020

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“…Its advantage of high precision, controlling deposition, cost-effectiveness, simple processing, and fast prototyping compare favorably with traditional subtractive manufacturing in recent years [ 2 ]. Nowadays, the 3D printing technique involves interdisciplinary areas that include not only manufacturing but also civil construction, fashion and design, tissue engineering, pharmaceutical, and food production [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Material jetting (including drop on demand (DOD), nanoparticle jetting (NPJ) and material jetting (MJ)), powder bed fusion (including selective laser sintering (SLS), and selective laser melting (SLM)), directed energy deposition (DED) and material extrusion (ME) or semi-solid extrusion (SSE) are four major branches made up of 3D printing technology [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lyophilization on the Release Profiles of 3D Printed Delivery Systems Fabricated with Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel

et al. 2021

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Recently, increasing numbers of researchers are becoming interested in 3D bioprinting because it provides customizability and structural complexity, which is difficult for traditional subtractive manufacturing to achieve. One of the most critical factors in bioprinting is the material. Depending on the bio-applications, materials should be bio-inert or bio-active, non-toxic, and along with those characteristics, mechanical properties should also meet the applicational or manufacturing requirement. As previously validated for bioprinting, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel is focused on the printability and release control test in this study. With a differentiated weight percentage of CMC hydrogels were used to 3D print capsules filled with food degradable colorant at designated voids to mimic capsules manufactured for oral delivery. Standard USP (United States Pharmacopeia) dissolution apparatus II (Paddle) evaluations were performed both on lyophilized and non-lyophilized printed capsules. The first-order model was selected due to high linear fitting regression. Upon 24 h dissolution, non-lyophilized capsules showed a different release efficiency when the CMC percentage varied, while lyophilized capsules showed no significant difference. This study signifies the possibility of customizing oral drug delivery by printing capsules with CMC hydrogel. The improved delivery efficiency demonstrated by capsules with post-process lyophilizing proposed potential optimization options for pharmaceutical manufacturing industries.

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“…3D printing is indeed a group of different techniques, each having its own advantages and still presenting many open questions [ 12 ]. Their biomedical and pharmaceutical applications are numerous, such as tissue engineering [ 13 ], biopharmaceuticals [ 14 ], transdermals [ 15 ], tablet formulations with different geometries to fine-tune the drug release profiles [ 16 ], orodispersible formulations [ 17 ], just to mention a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semi-solid extrusion 3D printers are suitable for printing hydrogel materials, for example, for polymeric film formulations, such as printed orodispersible films [ 13 ]. The benefits of this type of printing are the low printing temperature, allowing handling of even thermolabile drugs, and the use of disposable syringes, which can guarantee a high quality and purity of the end product [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Drug Nanocrystals for Film Formulations

Germini

Peltonen

2021

Molecules

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The aim of the study was to prepare indomethacin nanocrystal-loaded, 3D-printed, fast-dissolving oral polymeric film formulations. Nanocrystals were produced by the wet pearl milling technique, and 3D printing was performed by the semi-solid extrusion method. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was the film-forming polymer, and glycerol the plasticizer. In-depth physicochemical characterization was made, including solid-state determination, particle size and size deviation analysis, film appearance evaluation, determination of weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, drug content uniformity, and disintegration time, and drug release testing. In drug nanocrystal studies, three different stabilizers were tested. Poloxamer F68 produced the smallest and most homogeneous particles, with particle size values of 230 nm and PI values below 0.20, and was selected as a stabilizer for the drug-loaded film studies. In printing studies, the polymer concentration was first optimized with drug-free formulations. The best mechanical film properties were achieved for the films with HPMC concentrations of 2.85% (w/w) and 3.5% (w/w), and these two HPMC levels were selected for further drug-loaded film studies. Besides, in the drug-loaded film printing studies, three different drug levels were tested. With the optimum concentration, films were flexible and homogeneous, disintegrated in 1 to 2.5 min, and released the drug in 2–3 min. Drug nanocrystals remained in the nano size range in the polymer films, particle sizes being in all film formulations from 300 to 500 nm. When the 3D-printed polymer films were compared to traditional film-casted polymer films, the physicochemical behavior and pharmaceutical performance of the films were very similar. As a conclusion, 3D printing of drug nanocrystals in oral polymeric film formulations is a very promising option for the production of immediate-release improved- solubility formulations.

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3D Printing and Characterization of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Methylcellulose for Biodegradable Support Structures

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Development of methylcellulose‐based sustained‐release dosage by semisolid extrusion additive manufacturing in drug delivery system

Development of methylcellulose‐based sustained‐release dosage by semisolid extrusion additive manufacturing in drug delivery system

Effects of Lyophilization on the Release Profiles of 3D Printed Delivery Systems Fabricated with Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel

3D Printing of Drug Nanocrystals for Film Formulations

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