3D-Printed Structural Supercapacitor with MXene-N@Zn-Co Selenide Nanowire Based Woven Carbon Fiber Electrodes

Abstract

This work describes the development of a woven carbon fiber and thermoset polyester resin based structural supercapacitor via three-dimensional (3D) printing. The specific surface area and capacitance of the electrodes were increased by hydrothermally synthesized N-doped Zn-Co selenide nanowires on the surface. The supercapacitor with N@ZnCoSe 2 -MXene exhibited an energy of 2.69 Wh kg −1 , a power density of 43.20 W kg −1 , and a Coulombic efficiency of 88.8% at 1000 mA g −1 of current density. The cyclic stability and multifunctionality of the device were satisfactory, and the capacitance retention was 83.7% at the same current density after 6000 consecutive charge−discharge cycles. The device's high tensile strength (637.679 MPa) and modulus (36.92 GPa), with an impact energy absorption capacity of 2.22 J g −1 , indicated its mechanical robustness. The device exhibits a comparable performance under various weather conditions. It retains 39.11 F g

Current Trends and Promising Electrode Materials in Micro-Supercapacitor Printing

“…The application of printing technologies allows to advance significantly on the way to automated creation of micro-supercapacitors of different geometric design for the needs of modern microelectronics, but in this context, it is also necessary to solve such problems as the optimization of ink composition (in particular, the presence of binder additives and surfactants that affect the final functional characteristics of the material), level of their viscosity, sedimentation stability, compatibility of inks, and substrates of a different nature. [196]…”

“…chalcogenide [195,196] and carbon nanoparticles [197], layered double and triple metal hydroxides [198], and other components (Figure 9). This can lead not only to an increase in basic properties (as a result of the formation of three-dimensional structure and heterojunctions), but also due to the synergetic effect to the emergence of new useful qualities, for example, the expansion of the temperature range of application of supercapacitors on their basis both in the direction of high and low temperatures, to an increase in mechanical strength to stretching, impact, etc.…”

“…Summarizing, we can say that the use of such a new class of planar nanomaterials as MXenes for the fabrication of supercapacitor components using printed technologies, despite some problems that are actively being addressed, is a very promising and relevant area of research. [196]. Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society.…”

3D porous cementitious electrolytes with “stream-reservoir” ionic channels for high multifunctional performance structural supercapacitors

“…Therefore, the development of solid-state electrolytes with adequate mechanical properties and high ionic conductivities is necessary to design a high-performance SSC. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Cement, as an important inorganic cementitious material, is extensively used in civil engineering applications but is rarely used to store energy. Equally, conventional energy storage devices are applied without consideration of withstanding large external forces.…”

“…Therefore, the development of solid-state electrolytes with adequate mechanical properties and high ionic conductivities is necessary to design a high-performance SSC. 15–21…”