3D Printed Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna for Automotive Radar Applications in W-Band

Lomakin, K.; Simon, Daniel; Sippel, M.; Helmreich, K.; Seler, E.; Tong, Ziqiang; Reuter, Ralf; Gold, G.

doi:10.23919/eurad.2018.8546659

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For these reasons, in the open literature, 3D printing based on material extrusion is mainly employed to build only the dielectric structure of the antenna, falling back on alternative solutions to provide the metallisation [4–27]. Many types of antennas operating at very different frequencies and many techniques to realize the conductive parts have been adopted in these works.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic characterisation of conductive 3D‐Printable filaments for designing fully 3D‐Printed antennas

Colella

Chietera

Michel

et al. 2022

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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Additive manufacturing (AM) 3D‐printing technology is increasingly bringing benefits even in electromagnetics, with interesting prospects of application. Apart from the use of additive manufacturing for realising dielectric components of suitably shaped antennas, the ambitious target is, undoubtedly, the fully 3D realisation of radiofrequency and microwave circuits as well as radiating structures, including, therefore, conductive parts. In this regard, 3D‐printable filaments with interesting conductive properties are being produced. However, their rigorous conductivity characterisation is still missing, making it difficult to estimate the real behaviour of the final 3D printed electromagnetic device. To fill this gap, the conductivity of one of the most interesting conductive filaments, named Electrifi, is first experimentally evaluated in a frequency range as large as 0.72–6 GHz, accounting also for its roughness. Then it has been validated by designing, realising, and testing three fully 3D‐printed antennas. Specifically, two bow‐tie antennas, operating at 2.8 and 4 GHz, respectively, and an ultrawideband antenna, borrowed from the existing literature, operating between 1 and 7 GHz. The good agreement between simulated and measured results demonstrates the reliability of the performed electrical conductivity characterisation, even in the design of efficient radiating structures entirely realised with thermoplastic materials with copper nanoparticle additives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic characterisation of conductive 3D‐Printable filaments for designing fully 3D‐Printed antennas

Colella

Chietera

Michel

et al. 2022

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, the feeding SWA includes a loop feed according to [7], [15] in order to ensure a standing wave arrangement which is valid for a wide frequency range, hence, increasing the operational bandwidth of the feeding SWA in contrast to end-feed designs. Therefore, the wave fed into the port (P1) is divided at an E-plane power divider (P2) into two paths forming the feeding loop (P3).…”

Section: Proposed Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among a wide range of different 3D printing concepts available on the market, stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) offer the required geometrical precision in the 50-100 µm range while at the same time, yielding a decent surface quality in the order of R q < 1 µm (RMSsurface roughness) [2], which is mandatory for the mm-Wave frequency range [3]. Combining the printed polymer part with electroplating [4] or electroless plating approaches [5], [6] results in a flexible tool-set to additively manufacture complex waveguide components such as slotted array antennas for different frequency ranges from E-to D-bands [7]- [10], waveguide systems such as six-ports [11] and even tiny helix antennas for 77 GHz [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additively Manufactured Amplitude Tapered Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna With Horn Aperture for 77 GHz

2022

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In this work, a combined frontend of horn and slotted waveguide array antenna serving as feeding subsystem is presented. This setup allows to implement an amplitude taper in one plane while using the horn aperture to shape the far field radiation characteristics in the perpendicular plane independently and tailored to the individual demand of the application. Moreover, the feeding system is implemented as a loop resulting in a standing wave distribution for a wide frequency range in order to increase the antenna bandwidth. Two specimens with different horn apertures are additively manufactured in slotted waveguide technology from UV curable photopolymer resin using a digital light processing 3D printer and subsequently metal coated by electroless silver plating. A relatively large bandwidth of B −10dB = 7.2 GHz and a B −15 dB of 4.9 GHz is achieved in measurements indicating a relative bandwidth of 9 % and 6 % respectively. Antenna Gain is characterized as 17.5 and 20.17 dBi in measurements while maintaining a sidelobe level of 20-22.5 dB at 77 GHz and exhibiting a radiation efficiency of 78.9 and 79.4 %. The proposed antenna architecture provides a flexible approach for beam shaping in applications where azimuth and elevation planes exhibit different or contrary requirements, e.g. broad vs. narrow field of view -especially suitable for automotive MIMO-radar sensors.

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“…A 3D printed slotted waveguide array antenna has also been made for automotive radar applications [108]. The antenna body was manufactured with polymer material Accura SL 5530 [109] on a SLA printer.…”

Section: Corrugated Pyramidal Horn Slm (Tin Bronze Powder) and Gold-plated Above 110 Ghzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenna Design Using Modern Additive Manufacturing Technology: A Review

et al. 2020

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printing technology is an area of research that has received great attention in the last decade and it is pointed out by many as the future of manufacturing. 3D printing can be described as an additive process that creates a physical object from a digital model, depositing materials layer by layer. The ability to quickly produce complex structures at a reduced cost and without wasting materials is the main reason why this additive manufacturing technique is increasingly being used instead of conventional manufacturing processes. 3D printing has been applied in several scenarios, including automotive, maritime and construction industry, healthcare, as well as in the antenna research field. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of 3D printed antennas. Firstly, an overview of 3D printing technology is presented and then a vast number of 3D printed antennas, categorized by their construction process, are described. Finally, the main advantages and some of the limitations of using 3D printing technology in the construction of Radio Frequency (RF) structures are presented.

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3D Printed Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna for Automotive Radar Applications in W-Band

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Electromagnetic characterisation of conductive 3D‐Printable filaments for designing fully 3D‐Printed antennas

Electromagnetic characterisation of conductive 3D‐Printable filaments for designing fully 3D‐Printed antennas

Additively Manufactured Amplitude Tapered Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna With Horn Aperture for 77 GHz

Antenna Design Using Modern Additive Manufacturing Technology: A Review

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