3D-printed scaffolds of mesoporous bioglass/gliadin/polycaprolactone ternary composite for enhancement of compressive strength, degradability, cell responses and new bone tissue ingrowth

Abstract

BackgroundDue to the increasing number of patients with bone defects, bone nonunion and osteo-myelitis, tumor and congenital diseases, bone repair has become an urgent problem to be solved.MethodsIn this study, the 3D-printed scaffolds of ternary composites containing mesoporous bioglass fibers of magnesium calcium silicate (mMCS), gliadin (GA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were fabricated using a 3D Bioprinter.ResultsThe compressive strength and in vitro degradability of the mMCS/GA/PCL composites (MGPC) scaffolds were improved with the increase of mMCS content. In addition, the attachment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the scaffolds were significantly promoted with the increase of mMCS content. Moreover, the cells with normal phenotype attached and spread well on the scaffolds surfaces, indicating good cytocompatibility. The scaffolds were implanted into the femur defects of rabbits, and the results demonstrated that the scaffold containing mMCS stimulated new bone formation and ingrowth into the scaffolds through scaffolds degradation in vivo. Moreover, the expression of type I collagen into scaffolds was enhanced with the increase of mMCS content.ConclusionThe 3D-printed MGPC scaffold with controllable architecture, good biocompatibility, high compressive strength, proper degradability and excellent in vivo osteogenesis has great potential for bone regeneration.

In Vitro Mechanical and Biological Properties of 3D Printed Polymer Composite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

“…When materials were applied directly, hDPSCs cells were embedded into the materials, which provides advantageous biomimetic microenvironments for cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration [ 22 ]. However, the adhesion and proliferation of cells normally occur only on the surface of conventional materials and cells cannot migrate deeply into materials due to the lack of well-interconnected pores [ 19 , 31 ]. Approaches facilitated by the use of live/dead staining have results indicating that C-TCP, 3D-PLGA/TCP, and 3D-TCP are biocompatible materials and could be used to provide stable environment for hDPSCs.…”

Size-Dependent Phagocytic Uptake and Immunogenicity of Gliadin Nanoparticles

“…Its biocompatibility, hydrophobicity, and ability to modify and enhance drug release profile make it a potential drug carrier [7]. Furthermore, use of gliadin in medical scaffolds, nanofibers, films, and micro and nanoparticles showed adequate stability and flexibility [8][9][10][11]. Gliadin nanoparticles (GNPs) have been formulated for their applications in sustained drug release for various drugs including meletin, amoxicillin, polymethoxyflavons, resveratrol, paclitaxel, and carbazole [12][13][14][15].…”

Poly(Dopamine) Coating on 3D-Printed Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Unlike the conventional methods for preparing bone tissue engineering scaffolds, 3D printing techniques do not require the pre-preparation of the female mold of the scaffold and have the advantage of printing curved surfaces or even more intricate geometries. Therefore, they allow for individualized defect-specific 3D printing to fit various complex defects in clinical scenarios [10].…”