3D printed polymer composite optical fiber for sensing applications

Alam, Fahad; Elsherif, Mohamed; Salih, Ahmed E.; Butt, Haider

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2022.102996

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The stress values were determined by using a cross-sectional area of 13 × 3 mm, and a gauge length of 50 mm was used to calculate the strain at each point. The three-point bending test was performed following the ASTM D790 standard on a flat rectangular bar (80 × 12.7 × 3 mm). , The elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation/deflection were calculated from the stress–strain curves and reported as the average of the three tests.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, P-type PC materials can be potentially used for sustainable applications such as display materials decorative items, optical memory devices, and PC optical sensors. , Colorimetric sensors based on photochromic materials are alternatives to electronic UV sensors that can be used for UV exposure monitoring; however, the fabrication of complex structures with an appropriate readout is a challenge. Thermochromic materials have recently been utilized for sensing temperature changes by colorimetric measurements. , A sensor embedded with PC and thermochromic TC materials can simultaneously sense UV radiation and temperature changes . Qinghua Meng et al developed a smartphone-based sensor for UV index, but the manufacturing method utilized was coating of photochromic material .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advent of 3D printing has enabled the fabrication of complex structures with the controlled growth of multiple materials for colorimetric sensing applications . Among the various 3D printing techniques, a vat-photopolymerization-based technique called digital light processing (DLP) allows for the fabrication of composite materials by mixing filler particles in the resin. ,, In addition to the advantage of composite material printing, DLP allows multimaterial printing by simply swapping trays. , The 3D printing of composite materials enables sensing properties with a desktop DLP 3D printer, which in the current work is customized such that more than 2 materials can be printed using the same printer. The multimaterial 3D printing approach would enable the fabrication of multifunctional colorimetric sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D-Printed Smartwatch Fabricated via Vat Photopolymerization for UV and Temperature Sensing Applications

Alam,

Alsharif,

AlModaf

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Ultraviolet (UV) exposure overdose can cause health issues such as skin burns or other skin damage. In this work, a UV and temperature sensor smartwatch is developed, utilizing a multimaterial 3D printing approach via a vat photopolymerization−digital light processing technique. Photochromic (PC) pigments with different UV sensitivities, UVA (315−400 nm) and UVB (315−280 nm), were utilized to cover a wider range of UV exposure and were mixed in transparent resin, whereas the smartwatch was printed with controlled thickness gradients. A multifunctional sensor was next fabricated by adding a thermochromic (TC) material to PC, which is capable of sensing UV and temperature change. Colorimetric measurements assisted by a smartphone-based application provided instantaneous as well as cumulative UV exposure from sunlight. The mechanical properties of the device were also measured to determine its durability. The prototype of the wearable watch was prepared by fixing the 3D-printed dial to a commercially available silicon wristband suitable for all age groups. The 3D-printed watch is water-resistant and easily removable, allowing for its utilization in multiple outdoor activities. Thus, the developed wearable UV sensor alerts the user to the extent of their UV exposure, which can help protect them against overexposure.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

3D-Printed Smartwatch Fabricated via Vat Photopolymerization for UV and Temperature Sensing Applications

Alam,

Alsharif,

AlModaf

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…High-resolution printing DLP technology also enables the manufacturing of microfluidic devices [169,170]. For sensing applications, DLP has been exploited for the fabrication of optical devices such as optical fibers [171] and lenses [172]. Recently, the technology has been used to fabricate superhydrophobic objects with pillar structures [147,173].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing by digital light processing: a review

et al. 2022

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Additive manufacturing is a layer-by-layer strategy enabling the advanced design and fabrication of complex 3D objects and structures, overcoming geometry limitations and reducing waste production compared to conventional technologies. Among various additive manufacturing technologies, digital light processing (DLP), is an additive manufacturing technology used to print photopolymer parts, using a projected light source to cure an entire layer at once. Initially developed for pure resins, recent advances have demonstrated the potential of DLP in the polymerization of ceramic and metal-loaded suspensions, enabling the fabrication of ceramic and metal components after proper debinding and sintering. Such flexibility increases the potential of DLP for different applications, ranging from dental implants and bone scaffolds to smart biomaterials for soft robotics, smart wearables, and microfluidic devices. The review provides an overview of DLP technology and its recent advances; specifically, the review covers the photopolymer properties, the ceramic and metallic feedstock preparation, and the light-matter interaction mechanism underpinning the printing and post-processing steps. Finally, a description of the current application is provided and complemented with future perspectives.

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“…The progress in the 3D-printing fabrication of POFs involves the use of different optical materials and methods for extrusion as summarized in [ 28 ]. In addition, the application of multimaterial approaches were also investigated using temperature-sensitive resins [ 35 ] and even 3D-printing approaches [ 36 ]. However, the application of such 3D-printed devices in interferometric approaches for sensing was not investigated in the literature yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional-Printed Fabrication of POFs Using Different Filaments and Their Characterization for Sensing Applications

et al. 2023

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This paper presents the development and sensor applications of 3D-printed polymer optical fibers (POFs) using commercially available filaments. The well-known intensity variation sensor was developed using this fiber for temperature and curvature sensing, where the results indicate a linear response in the curvature analysis, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.97 and sensitivity of 4.407 × 10−4 mW/∘, whereas the temperature response was fitted to an R2 of 0.956 with a sensitivity of 5.718 × 10−3 mW/∘C. Then, the POF was used in the development of a modal interferometer by splicing the POF in-between two single-mode fibers (SMFs), which result in a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) configuration. The such interferometer was tested for temperature and axial strain responses, where the temperature response presented a linear trend R2 of around 0.98 with a sensitivity of −78.8 pm/∘C. The negative value of the sensitivity is related to the negative thermo-optic coefficient commonly obtained in POFs. Furthermore, the strain response of the SMS interferometer showed a high sensitivity (9.5 pm/μϵ) with a quadratic behavior in which the R2 of around 0.99 was obtained. Therefore, the proposed approach is a low-cost, environmentally friendly and straightforward method for the production of highly sensitive optical fiber sensors.

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3D printed polymer composite optical fiber for sensing applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

3D-Printed Smartwatch Fabricated via Vat Photopolymerization for UV and Temperature Sensing Applications

3D-Printed Smartwatch Fabricated via Vat Photopolymerization for UV and Temperature Sensing Applications

Additive manufacturing by digital light processing: a review

Three-Dimensional-Printed Fabrication of POFs Using Different Filaments and Their Characterization for Sensing Applications

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