3D-printed polymer composite devices based on a ferroelectric chiral ammonium salt for high-performance piezoelectric energy harvesting

Sahoo, Supriya; Kothavade, Premkumar; Naphade, Dipti R; Torris, Arun; Praveenkumar, B.; Zarȩba, Jan K.; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.; Shanmuganathan, Kadhiravan; Boomishankar, Ramamoorthy

doi:10.1039/d3mh00444a

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Encouraged by our recent demonstration of fabricating a gyroid-shaped 3D-printed PCL composite based on a two-component ammonium salt {[(Me) 3 CCH(Me)NH 3 ][BF 4 ]}, we set out to investigate the scale-up capability of the champion 10 wt % ( p -TEA)( p -TEAH)·PF 6 -PCL device via 3D-printing technique. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) method was employed to shape the 10 wt % ( p -TEA)( p -TEAH)·PF 6 -PCL composite into a 3D-printed device with gyroidal pores ( 3DP- Gy ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, the performance of the gyroid-shaped 3D-printed PENG device was found to be nearly doubled with a V OC‑PP of 22.8 V and the power density rising up to 118.5 μW cm –3 . 3D-printed PENG devices based on organic composite materials are in the early stages of research, and materials selection for such processes requires thorough optimization to establish the synergy between the organic compound and polymer matrix. − These results emphasize that the cocrystallization of two-component charge-separated systems with neutral organic compounds is an effective strategy for obtaining highly stable organic ferroelectrics for next-generation energy harvesting devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Highly Electrostrictive Salt Cocrystal and the Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Application of Its 3D-Printed Polymer Composite

Sahoo,

Panday,

Kothavade

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Ionic cocrystals with hydrogen bonding can form exciting materials with enhanced optical and electronic properties. We present a highly moisture-stable ammonium salt cocrystal) crystallizing in the polar monoclinic C2 space group. The asymmetry in (p-TEA)(p-TEAH)•PF 6 was induced by its chiral substituents, while the polar order and structural stability were achieved by using the octahedral PF 6 − anion and the consequent formation of salt cocrystal. The ferroelectric properties of (p-TEA)(p-TEAH)•PF 6 were confirmed through P−E loop measurements. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) enabled the visualization of its domain structure with characteristic "butterfly" and hysteresis loops associated with ferroand piezoelectric properties. Notably, (p-TEA)(p-TEAH)•PF 6 exhibits a large electrostrictive coefficient (Q 33 ) value of 2.02 m 4 C −2 , higher than those found for ceramic-based materials and comparable to that of polyvinylidene difluoride. Furthermore, the composite films of (p-TEA)(p-TEAH)•PF 6 with polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer and its gyroid-shaped 3D-printed composite scaled-up device, 3DP-Gy, were prepared and evaluated for piezoelectric energy-harvesting functionality. A high output voltage of 22.8 V and a power density of 118.5 μW cm −3 have been recorded for the 3DP-Gy device. Remarkably, no loss in voltage outputs was observed for the (p-TEA)(p-TEAH)•PF 6 devices even after exposure to 99% relative humidity, showcasing their utility under extremely humid conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Electrostrictive Salt Cocrystal and the Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Application of Its 3D-Printed Polymer Composite

Sahoo,

Panday,

Kothavade

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Ferroelectric salts containing organic cations and tetrafluoroborate anions are well‐established and shown to exhibit substantial polarization values [11a,13] . Thus, strategically replacing the BH 3 unit in TMAB with a more polar BF 3 group can help generate highly polarizable donor‐acceptor adducts with excellent ferroelectric properties.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Chiral B−N Adduct as a New Frontier in Ferroelectrics and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Sahoo,

Mukherjee,

Sharma

et al. 2024

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Within the burgeoning field of electronic materials, B‐N Lewis acid‐base pairs, distinguished by their partial charge distribution across boron and nitrogen centers, represent an underexplored class with significant potential. These materials exhibit inherent dipoles and are excellent candidates for ferroelectricity. However, the challenge lies in achieving the optimal combination of hard‐soft acid‐base pairs to yield B‐N adducts with stable dipoles. Herein, we present an enantiomeric pair of B‐N adducts [R/SC6H5CH(CH3)NH2BF3] (R/SMBA‐BF3) crystallizing in the polar monoclinic P21 space group. The ferroelectric measurements on RMBA‐BF3 gave a rectangular P‐E hysteresis loop with a remnant polarization of 7.65 µC cm‐2, a value that aligns with the polarization derived from the extensive density‐functional theory computations. The PFM studies on the drop‐casted film of RMBA‐BF3 further corroborate the existence of ferroelectric domains, displaying characteristic amplitude‐bias butterfly and phase‐bias hysteresis loops. The piezoelectric nature of the RMBA‐BF3 was confirmed by its direct piezoelectric coefficient (d33) value of 3.5 pC N‐1 for its pellet. The piezoelectric energy harvesting applications on the sandwich devices fabricated from the as‐made crystals of RMBA‐BF3 gave an open circuit voltage (VPP) of 6.2 V. This work thus underscores the untapped potential of B‐N adducts in the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting.

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“…Technological applications increasingly rely on multifunctional materials due to their unique physical and chemical properties . Within this domain, ferroelectrics, a subset of dielectric materials, have garnered significant attention for their potential in various applications, including ferroelectric random-access memories, microelectromechanical devices, wireless electronics, transducers, wearable memory devices, robotics, energy harvesting, etc. − For instance, the multifunctional nature of ferroelectric materials is evident from their utility for piezoelectric energy harvesting, wherein a sizable ferroelectric polarization aids in the efficient conversion of mechanical energy into electrical outputs. − Over the years, ceramic oxide materials such as barium titanate, lithium niobate, lead titanate, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), zinc oxide, etc., have been the focus of extensive research due to their excellent ferroelectric and piezoelectric attributes. − However, their brittleness and toxic metal content limit their suitability for low-power, wearable electronics . On the other hand, semicrystalline organic polymers, such as polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers, offer a flexible, metal-free alternative, showing ferroelectricity and potential for device applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroelectric Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Ammonium Halogenobismuthate(III) for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Meena,

Sahoo,

Deka

et al. 2024

Inorg. Chem.

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Halogenobismuthate(III) compounds are of recent interest because of their low toxicity and distinct electrical properties. The utility of these materials as ferroelectrics for piezoelectric energy harvesters is still in its early stages. Herein, we report a hybrid ammonium halogenobismuthate(III) [BP Br DMA] 2 •[BiBr 5 ], crystallizing in a ferroelectrically active polar noncentrosymmetric Pna2 1 space group. Its noncentrosymmetric structure was confirmed by the detection of the second harmonic generation response. The ferroelectric P−E hysteresis loop measurements on the thin film sample of [BP Br DMA] 2 • [BiBr 5 ] gave a saturation polarization (P s ) of 5.72 μC cm −2 . The piezoresponse force microscopy analysis confirmed its ferroelectric and piezoelectric nature, showing characteristic domain structures and signature hysteresis and butterfly loops. The piezoelectric energy harvesting attributes of [BP Br DMA] 2 •[BiBr 5 ] were further probed on its polylactic acid (PLA) composites. The 15 wt % [BP Br DMA] 2 •[BiBr 5 ]-PLA polymer composite resulted in a high output voltage of 26.2 V and power density of 15.47 μW cm −2 . The energy harvested from this device was further utilized for charging a 10 μF capacitor within 3 min.

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3D-printed polymer composite devices based on a ferroelectric chiral ammonium salt for high-performance piezoelectric energy harvesting

Abstract: Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is an emerging technology to fabricate complex architectures, necessary to realize state-of-the-art flexible and wearable electronic devices. In this regard, top-performing devices containing organic ferro- and piezoelectric...

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

A Highly Electrostrictive Salt Cocrystal and the Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Application of Its 3D-Printed Polymer Composite

A Highly Electrostrictive Salt Cocrystal and the Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Application of Its 3D-Printed Polymer Composite

A Chiral B−N Adduct as a New Frontier in Ferroelectrics and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Ferroelectric Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Ammonium Halogenobismuthate(III) for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

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