“…A recent systematic review demonstrated that 3D printing technology in orthopedics improves operative time, blood loss, fluoroscopy times, bone union time, pain, accuracy, function, and without an increase in operative complications[ 12 ]. Besides being used for preoperative planning, surgery simulation, intraoperative navigation, patient education, and doctor-patient communication, 3D-printing technology has shown emerging and promising application in personalized spinal implant and reconstructive surgery[ 13 , 14 ]. Given the novelty of 3D-printed spinal implants, it is essential to conduct more prospective studies to explore its specific application scope, experience, outcomes, and potential problems[ 15 , 16 ].…”