3D Printed Multilayer Graphite@SiO Structural Anode for High‐Loading Lithium‐Ion Battery

Abstract

To satisfy the increasing demand for higher energy density, the fabrication and structural designs of three‐dimensional (3D) thick electrodes have received considerable attention. In this work, cheap commercial graphite (Gt) and silicon monoxide (SiO) were chosen as raw materials. We have took advantage of the multi‐layer biscuit structure feature to the 3D Gt@GS (Gt@Gt/SiO) electrode with high loading through a modified 3D printing technology. Such a unique structure can not only effectively accommodate the volume expansion in all directions, but also provide a 3D transport channel to enhance the mobility of electrons and ions in the thick electrodes. The obtained 3D Gt@GS electrode, as a freestanding material, shows high capacity and good cycling stability. Especially, the 3D Gt@GS electrode after 120 cycles has achieved a reversible capacity of 3.52 mAh cm−2 at 3.6 mA cm−2. In addition, we have successfully fabricated a 3D plane‐shaped batteries via a direct ink writing technology and a fused deposition technology. The heterotypic battery assembled can be utilized as an external power supply for the aircraft model. This work demonstrates that the structural battery combined with structural load and 3D printing technology is versatile enough to meet the demand of energy storage systems for high energy density.

Green Synthesis of a Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide Wrapped Nickel Oxide Nano‐Composite as an Anode For High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…The XRD patterns of both the composites exhibited a broad peak around 23° in addition to the sharp peaks at higher 2 θ values (Figure 3(b)). The broad peak at 23° is attributed to (002) plane of GO and RGO [16–25] . The sharp peaks in the XRD patterns corresponded to NiO phases that are matched with JCPDF number 071‐1179 for cubic NiO [25] .…”

“…In the 2 nd cycle, the primary reduction peak intensity was reduced and shifted to 0.95 V vs. Li/Li + together with appearance of an extra peak at 1.40 V vs. Li/Li + , resulting from the reversible reduction of NiO to Ni. The subsequent CV curves were reproducible, confirming good reversibility and electrochemical stability of lithium storage [15–17,26,27–31,33,56] …”

“…This is attributed to the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) [52–54] . The RGO electrode exhibited two cathodic peaks at 1.1 and 0.8 V vs. Li/Li + in the 1 st cycle due to the SEI formation and irreversible reaction of Li ions with residual oxygen functional groups, respectively [17,52–54] . From 2 nd cycle onward, a cathodic peak and an anodic peak at 0.1 and 0.3 V vs. Li/Li + were observed in both the cases due to Li‐ion insertion and extraction, respectively.…”

“…Significant volume of researches have been carried out since last decade on graphene and its derivatives with TMOs as composite anode materials in LIBs [1,13–37] . However, most of these studies involve the synthesis of graphene to fabricate composites either by chemical method (oxidation of graphite followed by reduction) or chemical vapour deposition (CVD) route [13–37] . Sophisticated experimental setup, use of inflammable gases, substrate selectivity and high cost are the major challenges for bulk scale production of graphene in CVD process, limiting it to academic interest only.…”

“…With no wonder, the wonder material “graphene” and its derivatives (reduced‐graphene‐oxide (RGO) and graphene‐oxide (GO)) are the best choices for the researchers towards their use as composite materials with TMOs owing to their exemplary properties [11] . Significant volume of researches have been carried out since last decade on graphene and its derivatives with TMOs as composite anode materials in LIBs [1,13–37] . However, most of these studies involve the synthesis of graphene to fabricate composites either by chemical method (oxidation of graphite followed by reduction) or chemical vapour deposition (CVD) route [13–37] .…”