3D Printed Lenses for Vertical Beam Collimation of Optical Phased Arrays

Muntaha, Sidra Tul; Hokkanen, Ari; Harjanne, Mikko; Cherchi, Matteo; Suopajärvi, Pekka; Karvinen, Petri; Pekkarinen, Markku; Roussey, Matthieu; Aalto, Timo

doi:10.1089/3dp.2022.0314

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The power of the pump is set so that the graphene layer is just below the saturation point and only small intensities, corresponding to the signal to be analyzed, are sufficient to saturate it. Output waveguides are intended to be imaged on a near-infrared (NIR) camera with a cylindrical lens, which can be, for instance, 3D-printed [28], focusing each waveguide on a separate set of pixels of the camera detector. By saturating the absorption of the graphene layer on top of the waveguides, any given output signal wavelength λ o allows some of the light at λ P to pass through the waveguide, and λ P is detected by the camera as an increased signal of the corresponding measurable wavelength.…”

Section: Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Graphene–Silicon Arrayed Waveguide Gratings for On-Chip Signal–Frequency Conversion

Tippinit,

Kuittinen,

Roussey

2024

Photonics

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We present the design and simulations of a novel integrated device concept enabling a frequency conversion of a broad signal. The solution is based on a hybrid silicon–graphene photonic chip, which could be used for controlled spectrometry in low-cost devices. The device is based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform on which an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is designed for operation at the center wavelength of λ = 1800 nm. The AWG is spectrally separating one broad input signal to thirty-two-output channels with a channel spacing of 2.72 nm. The output signals are well separated and uniform with the extinction ratio and the standard deviation of 10.00 dB and 0.04, respectively. The 3 dB channel width is 1.34 nm, which is suitable for sensing applications with significant accuracy. After spacial and spectral separation, each output signal is then converted to one signal at 1480 nm wavelength through a graphene-based saturable absorber scheme. Therefore, the device allows the detection of each separated signal with a simple near-infrared camera on which the outputs are imaged using conventional optics, leading to a classical pixel/wavelength correspondence. Crossed-waveguide couplers are designed to combine the controlling signal at 1480 nm to each channel waveguide of the AWG. The combination of the signals saturates the graphene layer at the output waveguides, allowing the pass of the controlling wavelength. This device can be applied as a spectrometer in environmental sensing and monitoring with high efficiency and low cost.

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Section: Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%