3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Abstract

In this study, the effects of graphene and design differences on bow-tie microstrip antenna performance and bandwidth improvement were investigated both with simulation and experiments. In addition, the conductivity of graphene can be dynamically tuned by changing its chemical potential. The numerical calculations of the proposed antennas at 2–10 GHz were carried out using the finite integration technique in the CST Microwave Studio program. Thus, three bow-tie microstrip antennas with different antenna parameters were designed. Unlike traditional production techniques, due to its cost-effectiveness and easy production, antennas were produced using 3D printing, and then measurements were conducted. A very good match was observed between the simulation and the measurement results. The performance of each antenna was analyzed, and then, the effects of antenna sizes and different chemical potentials on antenna performance were investigated and discussed. The results show that the bow-tie antenna with a slot, which is one of the new advantages of this study, provides a good match and that it has an ultra-bandwidth of 18 GHz in the frequency range of 2 to 20 GHz for ultra-wideband applications. The obtained return loss of −10 dB throughout the applied frequency shows that the designed antennas are useful. In addition, the proposed antennas have an average gain of 9 dBi. This study will be a guide for microstrip antennas based on the desired applications by changing the size of the slots and chemical potential in the conductive parts in the design.

Terahertz Uygulamaları için Grafen Malzemesine Dayalı Mikroşerit Bowtie Anten Tasarımı ve Optimizasyonu

“…Thus, the graphene has an abnormal as well as dispersive characteristics that can be represented by utilising the Kubo's formula to model and calculate the graphene conductivity. Generally, the graphene material comprises of two principal parts, which are termed as the inter-band and the intra-band; the first band has an effective effect on the total conductivity for the frequencies below 5 THz while the effect of the second band appears in the frequencies above the previously mentioned band, the graphene conductivity can be modelled in the CST software by using the following Equations [24], [25]: ), ( 16)…”

Graphene based T‐shaped monopole antenna sensor for food quality evaluation

“…It can detect minimal amounts of substances – even a single molecule in a large volume can be detected. It has waterproof properties, which makes it reliable for use with liquids as well as solid materials 25 . Graphene has excellent optical and electronic properties, which make it attractive for use as a sensory system that works on electromagnetic waves.…”

“…It has waterproof properties, which makes it reliable for use with liquids as well as solid materials. 25 Graphene has excellent optical and electronic properties, which make it attractive for use as a sensory system that works on electromagnetic waves. Copper has high electrical conductivity but it has a charge carrier mobility of only ∼4.5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 .…”

Optimization of Monopole Consecutive Square-Shaped Patch Antenna with ANN for Wireless Communicaton Systems

“…Antennas used in wireless communication, which occurs in various frequency bands according to IEEE standards, should be able to operate in more than one standard, have wide bandwidth and a simple structure, compact size, and easy integration into RF circuits. Therefore, such an antenna can be used simultaneously in different frequency bands for different mobile services, such as loop antennas [2], planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) [3], bow-tie antennas [4], and monopole patch antennas. Monopole patch antennas have become the most preferred antenna type in recent years due to their many advantages, such as lightness, durability, suitability for fabrication in large quantities, and low cost.…”