3D-printed electrode an affordable sensor for sulfanilamide monitoring in breast milk, synthetic urine, and pharmaceutical formulation samples

A pencil graphite-based disposable device for electrochemical monitoring of sulfanilamide in honey and water samples

“…Other sensors with similar characters are reported in the literature, including a paper sensor with conductive ink based on graphite and nail polish (PBCE) 48 and another 3D printed device (3D-CB/ PLA). 49 The PBCE device has a linear working range of 10 to 100 mmol L À1 , close to that used by the PGE, and lower detectability than the proposed device with an LOD of 4.1 mmol L À1 . With respect to 3D-CB/PLA, the observed linear range was 1 to 39.2 mmol L À1 , which is signicantly lower, and excellent detectability at 0.012 mmol L À1 was observed.…”

A 3D carbon black disposable electrochemical sensor modified with reduced graphene oxide used for the sensitive determination of levofloxacin

“…1(A) that the electrochemical treatment of the surface in alkaline medium exposes the electroactive sites of CB through the decomposition of the PLA polymer matrix, through a saponification reaction. 43,44 After the modification, rGO nanosheets were found to be deposited on the 3D-printed sensor surface, as shown in Fig. 1(B).…”

Carbon Black Integrated Polylactic Acid Electrodes Obtained by Fused Deposition Modeling: A Powerful Tool for Sensing of Sulfanilamide Residues in Honey Samples

“…The disposable 3D-printed electrodes (produced at around 20 min) have lower cost (∼$ 0.18) when compared to commercial carbon-based electrodes (glassy carbon, borondoped diamond, and even screen-printed electrodes). Concerning the 3D-printed electrode proposed by Lisboa et al 55 using a manual 3D pen, here we produce all devices (cells and electrodes) by the FDM technique that allows the reproducible control of the 3D printing parameters and, consequently, which is appropriate for the large-scale and reproducible production of sensors. Moreover, here we studied the electrochemical processes of SFL in more detail and applied the proposed method to the analysis of honey samples using SWV technique, which enables faster analysis than differential pulse voltammetry and HPLC.…”

“…These 3D-printed electrodes have been successfully applied to the detection of antioxidants, metals, illicit drugs, , explosives, , biologically active molecules, and construction of biosensors , and supercapacitors . Recently, Lisboa and colleagues proposed an electrochemical sensor for SFL detection using a 3D printer with UV-curable acrylic resin (production of the electrode body) and using a manual 3D pen with a conductive filament (CB/PLA) to fill the extremity of the electrode body (working electrode production). Good results (LOD = 0.012 μmol L –1 ) were obtained for the determination of SFL in samples such as milk, synthetic urine, and pharmaceutical formulation; however, the electrode construction procedure is manual (use of a manual 3D pen) and therefore highly dependent of the skill of the operator (poor reproducibility for large-scale production).…”