3D-printed electrochemical sensors: A new horizon for measurement of biomolecules

Abdalla, Aya; Patel, Bhavik Anil

doi:10.1016/j.coelec.2020.04.009

Cited by 77 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Three-dimensional (3D) fused filament fabrication (FFF) printing has emerged as an important manufacturing approach for the development of conductive carbon materials, mainly in the fields of electronics, sensors and energy storage devices as it offers flexibility in design and potential that supersedes traditional manufacturing systems. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Studies have shown that commercial conductive carbon 3D-printed filament has poor conductivity. [7][8][9][10] To overcome these limitations, varying postprinting modifications have been utilised in order to enhance the electrical properties of the 3D-printed material, such as chemical and electrochemical treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentation of conductive pathways in carbon black/PLA 3D-printed electrodes achieved through varying printing parameters

Abdalla

Hamzah²,

Keattch³

et al. 2020

Electrochimica Acta

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3D-printing of conductive carbon materials in sensing applications and energy storage devices has significant potential, however high resistivity of 3D-printed filaments poses a challenge. Strategies to enhance sensors post printing are time consuming and can reduce structural integrity. In this work, we investigated the effects different printing layer thickness and orientation can have on the electron transfer kinetics and resistivity of conductive materials. The response of these electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and imaging. Electrodes printed with the lowest layer thickness of 0.1 mm in a vertical orientation had the greatest conductivity. With increasing print layer thickness and printing in a horizontal orientation, the electrode was more resistive. This work is the first to demonstrate the significant impact 3D-printing parameters can have on the electron transfer kinetics of carbon conductive electrodes. The implications of this study are important in defining the manufacturing process of electrodes for all applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentation of conductive pathways in carbon black/PLA 3D-printed electrodes achieved through varying printing parameters

Abdalla

Hamzah²,

Keattch³

et al. 2020

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Surface engineering has been responsible to light up different nanocomposites made of both inorganic and organic components for their custom application in extremely divers fields. [1,2,3,4,5] Particularly, the use of functional inorganic nanoparticles (FINPs) has received considerable attention owing to their catalytic and electrochemical features, providing great and polylactic acid (PLA) are being extensively used for several electrochemical applications, including electroanalysis, [28,29,30,31] energy (storage and conversion) [32,33,34,35] and switching memories. [36] However, a main limitation when using 3D-nCEs can be clearly identified: the lack of effective (bio)functionalization methods for tuning their functional capabilities, being mainly limited to the use of weak physisorption or costly sputtering processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile Design of Functional Organic–Inorganic 3D‐Printed (Opto)Electronic Interfaces with Custom Catalytic Activity

Muñoz

Redondo

Pumera

2021

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benefits for the development of advanced electrochemical transducers (electrodes). [6,7,8,9,10,11] FINPs, such as metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and quantum dots (QDs), are nanostructural elements which can exhibit unique properties and functions due to their electronic and optical properties. [12,13,14,15] This has led to functionalize different types of conductive materials with FINPs acting as transducing platforms, achieving amplified electrochemical signals through a finely divided and enlarged interface formation. Further, the catalytic characteristics of FINPs can be modulated by simply manipulating the synthetic conditions. [16,17,18] Among the several ways to tune electrodes with FINPs, the intermatrix synthesis (IMS) technique has proven to be a straightforward green strategy for the in situ incorporation of several FINPs upon different carbon-rich substrates (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanodiamonds). [19,20] In this new era of nanotechnologyalso so-called as "Fourth Industrial Revolution"-3D printing technology is being at the forefront of electronic devices research since it allows the large-scale and cost-effective prototyping of extremely customizable designs in a matter of minutes. [21,22,23,24,25] Concretely, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most employed 3D printing strategies for electrodes development due to the current availability of conductive carbon-based nanocomposite filaments. [26,27] Nowadays, 3D-printed nanocomposite carbon electrodes (3D-nCEs) made of grapheneThe ability to combine organic and inorganic components in a single material represents a great step toward the development of advanced (opto)electronic systems. Nowadays, 3D-printing technology has generated a revolution in the rapid prototyping and low-cost fabrication of 3D-printed electronic devices. However, a main drawback when using 3D-printed transducers is the lack of robust functionalization methods for tuning their capabilities. Herein, a simple, general and robust in situ functionalization approach is reported to tailor the capabilities of 3D-printed nanocomposite carbon/polymer electrode (3D-nCE) surfaces with a battery of functional inorganic nanoparticles (FINPs), which are appealing active units for electronic, optical and catalytic applications. The versatility of the resulting functional organic-inorganic 3D-printed electronic interfaces is provided in different pivotal areas of electrochemistry, including i) electrocatalysis, ii) bio-electroanalysis, iii) energy (storage and conversion), and iv) photoelectrochemical applications. Overall, the synergism of combining the transducing characteristics of 3D-nCEs with the implanted tuning surface capabilities of FINPs leads to new/enhanced electrochemical performances when compared to their bare 3D-nCE counterparts. Accordingly, this work elucidates that FINPs have much to offer in the field of 3D-printing technology and provides the bases toward the green fabrication of functional organic-inorganic 3D-printed (opto)electronic interfaces with cust...

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“…Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an innovative 3D printing process in which a sensor is CAD designed and then printed from thermoplastic filaments by a 3D printer. This digital process requires low-cost and desktop-sized printers and it provides ease of operation by non-trained handlers, design flexibility and transferability via e-mail, while it produces eco-friendly and disposable sensors [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Integrated 3D-Printed Electronic Device for the On-Field Determination of Antipsychotic Drug Quetiapine

Ragazou

Lougkovois

Katseli

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In this work, we developed a novel all-3D-printed device for the simple determination of quetiapine fumarate (QF) via voltammetric mode. The device was printed through a one-step process by a dual-extruder 3D printer and it features three thermoplastic electrodes (printed from a carbon black-loaded polylactic acid (PLA)) and an electrode holder printed from a non-conductive PLA filament. The integrated 3D-printed device can be printed on-field and it qualifies as a ready-to-use sensor, since it does not require any post-treatment (i.e., modification or activation) before use. The electrochemical parameters, which affect the performance of the sensor in QF determination, were optimized and, under the selected conditions, the quantification of QF was carried out in the concentration range of 5 × 10−7–80 × 10−7 mol × L−1. The limit of detection was 2 × 10−9 mol × L−1, which is lower than that of existing electrochemical QF sensors. The within-device and between-device reproducibility was 4.3% and 6.2% (at 50 × 10−7 mol × L−1 QF level), respectively, demonstrating the satisfactory operational and fabrication reproducibility of the device. Finally, the device was successfully applied for the determination of QF in pharmaceutical tablets and in human urine, justifying its suitability for routine and on-site analysis.

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3D-printed electrochemical sensors: A new horizon for measurement of biomolecules

Cited by 77 publications

References 25 publications

Augmentation of conductive pathways in carbon black/PLA 3D-printed electrodes achieved through varying printing parameters

Augmentation of conductive pathways in carbon black/PLA 3D-printed electrodes achieved through varying printing parameters

Versatile Design of Functional Organic–Inorganic 3D‐Printed (Opto)Electronic Interfaces with Custom Catalytic Activity

Fully Integrated 3D-Printed Electronic Device for the On-Field Determination of Antipsychotic Drug Quetiapine

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