3D-printed biological organs: medical potential and patenting opportunity

Yoo, Seung‐Schik

doi:10.1517/13543776.2015.1019466

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Different layers of a desired material, mostly in the forms of hydrogel or biodegradable scaffolds, can be printed to form such geometries. Subsequently, biomolecules or cells can be added to defined positions to form various biological structures of interest [50]. As a pioneer of 3D printing, Charles W. Hull introduced the stereolithography method by uniting thin layers of certain materials with ultraviolet light [51].…”

Section: D Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro skin three-dimensional models and their applications

Klicks

Molitor

Ertongur-Fauth

et al. 2017

JCB

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Abstract. Skin fulfils a plethora of eminent physiological functions ranging from physical barrier over immunity shield to the interface mediating social interaction. Prone to several acquired and inherited diseases, skin is therefore a major target of pharmaceutical and cosmetic research. The lack of similarity between human and animal skin and rising ethical concerns in the use of animal models have driven the search for novel realistic three-dimensional skin models. This review provides a survey of contemporary skin models and compares them in terms of applicability, reliability, cost and complexity.Keywords: Skin, phenotypic screening, 3D models, pharmaceutical research Skin -composition and functionHuman skin covers an area of almost 2 m 2 in the adult and consists of the three major layers, subcutis, dermis, and epidermis. The subcutis is composed of adipose and epithelial cells. It harbours blood vessels, neurites of peripheral neurons, Vater-Pacini mechanosensors, and, partially, also sweat glands and hair follicles. It connects the skin to periosteum and fascia, absorbs forces, and mediates thermal insulation. The dermis supplies the epidermis with mechanical support and nutrients. It is stratified into an inner, reticular, and an outer, papillary, zone. The dermis houses most sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles, smooth muscle cells, and capillary beds and, thus, regulates skin moisture, body temperature, and performs the secretory function of skin. The papillary layer is characterized by relatively loose connective tissue, where Meissner corpuscles sense touch. Immune cells, particularly mast cells and dendritic cells, are patrolling in the papillary layer and mediate local inflammatory reactions and immune surveillance. Finally, dermal fibroblasts secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane components. These are primarily collagens I and III, and a proteoglycan-rich ground substance [1]. The resulting ECM mediates tensile strength of the dermis. The dermo-epidermal junction is centered around a special basement membrane. This is composed of a laminin/collagen IV scaffold and further typical basement membrane components such as perlecans and nidogens [1].The epidermis is a squamous epithelium of 50-100 m thickness. It is devoid of blood vessels but contains keratinocytes, Merkel cell mechanosensors, Langerhans immune cells, and melanocytes. The 1 These authors contributed equally.

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Section: D Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro skin three-dimensional models and their applications

Klicks

Molitor

Ertongur-Fauth

et al. 2017

JCB

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“…This potential could be stretched yet further as 3D printing utilises bio-scaffolds to produce actual tissue, or replica tissue, constructed in a process termed bioprinting [25][26][27]. Though little published research has identified the use for this very new technology in simulation training, this opportunity has already been commercially recognised.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing to simulate laparoscopic choledochal surgery

Burdall

Makin

Davenport

et al. 2016

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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Aims of the Study:Laparoscopic simulation has transformed skills acquisition for many procedures. However, realistic non-biological simulators for complex reconstructive surgery are rare. Life-like tactile feedback is particularly difficult to reproduce. Technological innovations may contribute novel solutions to these shortages. We describe a hybrid model, harnessing 3D technology to simulate laparoscopic choledochal surgery for the first time. Methods:Digital hepatic anatomy images and standard laparoscopic trainer dimensions were employed to create an entry level laparoscopic choledochal surgery model. The information was fed into a 3D systems project 660pro with visijet pxl core powder to create a free standing liver mould. This included a cuboid portal in which to slot disposable hybrid components representing hepatic and pancreatic ducts and choledochal cyst. The mould was used to create soft silicone replicas with T28 resin and T5 fast catalyst. The model was assessed at a national pediatric surgery training day. Results:The 10 delegates that trialed the simulation felt that the tactile likeness was good (5.6/10 +/-1.71, 10=like the real thing), was not too complex (6.2/10 +/-1.35; where 1=too simple, 10=too complicated), and generally very useful (7.36/10 +/-1.57, 10=invaluable). 100% stated that they felt they could reproduce this in their own centres, and 100% would recommend this simulation to colleagues. Conclusion:Though this first phase choledochal cyst excision simulation requires further development, 3D printing provides a useful means of creating specific and detailed simulations for rare and complex operations with huge potential for development.

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“…It is hoped that scaffold technology, in combination with 3-dimensional printing, will also enable significant progress in regenerating human organs. 71,72 However, this still seems to be a remote possibility, and, unfortunately, premature clinical trials using normal tissue-derived scaffolds to reconstitute trachea have failed. 73 Other important aspects of stem cell therapeutics are cell delivery and cell dosage.…”

Section: -68mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cells and clinical practice: new advances and challenges at the time of emerging problems with induced pluripotent stem cell therapies

Ratajczak¹,

Bujko²,

Wojakowski³

2016

Polish Archives of Internal Medicine

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REVIEW ARTICLE Stem cell therapies 879retina, damaged liver, extensive skin burns, diabetes, and Parkinson disease. Unfortunately, beyond hematological applications, the results for other clinical applications of stem cells have been disappointing, and several encouraging results reported in laboratory animals have not been reproduced in humans.6 Overall, the promise of clinical applications of stem cells and their success have often been exaggerated by the news media.On the other hand, it is well known that stem cells residing in adult tissues are responsible for organ rejuvenation. However, this process occurs at a different pace in various tissues. While hematopoietic cells, intestinal epithelium, and epidermis are continuously replaced by new cells, this Introduction Stem cell therapies began 50 years ago with the first transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells to replace damaged hematopoietic systems. The successful application of these cells in the hematological setting encouraged attempts to employ them in treating several other clinical problems encountered in cardiology, orthopedics, neurology, diabetology, opthalmology, dermatology, and gastroenterology.1-5 Accordingly, stem cell-based therapeutic strategies have been proposed for treating a multitude of clinical problems, including damaged myocardium after heart infarction, damage to the brain after stroke, damaged spinal cord after mechanical injury, age-related macular degeneration of the REVIEW ARTICLE

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3D-printed biological organs: medical potential and patenting opportunity

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

In vitro skin three-dimensional models and their applications

In vitro skin three-dimensional models and their applications

3D printing to simulate laparoscopic choledochal surgery

Stem cells and clinical practice: new advances and challenges at the time of emerging problems with induced pluripotent stem cell therapies

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