3D-printed ankle-foot orthosis: a design method

Maso, Alberto Dal; Cosmi, Francesca

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.03.122

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The use of MRI and CT is mostly used to reconstruct of internal organs or tumours with high accuracy for surgical guidance [49]. Recording time and resolution may vary between different 3D scanners, ranging from 3-5 min and a tenth of millimetres for high accuracy systems to a couple of minutes [50] and millimetres for low cost systems [51]. Other advantages of 3D scanning methods are affordable hardware and software, minimal training requirement, availability, accessibility, and efficiency [44].…”

Section: D Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Orthotic and Prosthetic Manufacturing: A Technology Review

et al. 2020

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In this work, the recent advances for rapid prototyping in the orthoprosthetic industry are presented. Specifically, the manufacturing process of orthoprosthetic aids are analysed, as thier use is widely extended in orthopedic surgery. These devices are devoted to either correct posture or movement (orthosis) or to substitute a body segment (prosthesis) while maintaining functionality. The manufacturing process is traditionally mainly hand-crafted: The subject’s morphology is taken by means of plaster molds, and the manufacture is performed individually, by adjusting the prototype over the subject. This industry has incorporated computer aided design (CAD), computed aided engineering (CAE) and computed aided manufacturing (CAM) tools; however, the true revolution is the result of the application of rapid prototyping technologies (RPT). Techniques such as fused deposition modelling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), laminated object manufacturing (LOM), and 3D printing (3DP) are some examples of the available methodologies in the manufacturing industry that, step by step, are being included in the rehabilitation engineering market—an engineering field with growth and prospects in the coming years. In this work we analyse different methodologies for additive manufacturing along with the principal methods for collecting 3D body shapes and their application in the manufacturing of functional devices for rehabilitation purposes such as splints, ankle-foot orthoses, or arm prostheses.

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Section: D Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, manufacturing times are high. Since then, an increasing number of applications have arisen for FDM in the biomedical field for upper [17] and lower limb orthoses [50,71], hand prostheses [19], facial prosthesis [40,72], and drug delivery systems [73].…”

Section: Fused Deposition Modeling (Fdm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Orthotic and Prosthetic Manufacturing: A Technology Review

et al. 2020

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“…It has also been reported that, being capable of printing 30 million drops per second across the width of the printing area, it can achieve very accurate dimensional precision (±0.2%) in comparison with other technologies [15]. Some of the unconventional applications of 3D printing include biomedical ones, such as for orthoses that are tailor-made for individual patients [16,17]. Achieving the optimal surface quality can definitely improve the overall comfort of using an orthosis and also reduce the wearing out of clothes that come in contact with it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Material Type and the Placement in the Print Chamber on the Roughness of MJF-Printed 3D Objects

Dzienniak

2022

Machines

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This paper describes a surface-roughness study performed on samples manufactured additively using the Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) technology. The samples were divided into three groups based on the material used in the process: polypropylene (PP), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and polyamide 11 (PA11). Subsequently, they were tested by means of a roughness-measuring system, which made it possible to determine the typical surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rq, Rz). The tests were designed to examine whether the placement and orientation of 3D objects while printing, in connection with the material used, can significantly influence the surface quality of MJF-printed objects. The results show that the TPU samples have a surface roughness much higher than the PP and PA11 ones, which exhibit roughness levels very similar to each other. It can also be concluded that surfaces printed vertically (along the Z-axis) tend to be less smooth—similarly to the surfaces of objects made of TPU located in the central zones of the print chamber during printing. This information may be of value in cases where low surface roughness is preferred (e.g., manufacturing patient-specific orthoses), although this particular study does not focus on one specific application.

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“…19 of the 63 articles were included in this review in the last phase because they met the inclusion criteria. The 19 studies included outcomes such as mechanical tests [ 15 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], finite element method (FEM) simulations [ 19 , 21 , 23 ], participant feedback (healthy participants) [ 24 , 25 , 26 ] patient feedback (non-healthy participants) [ 19 , 22 , 27 ], QUEST [ 15 , 28 ], kinematics [ 15 , 22 , 23 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], kinetics [ 23 , 26 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 35 ], observation after trial [ 27 , 36 ], dimensional accuracy [ 25 ] and EMG [ 30 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Additive Manufacturing Studies for Producing Customized Ankle-Foot Orthoses

et al. 2022

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Ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) are prescribed to improve the patient’s quality of life. Supporting weak muscles or restraining spastic muscles leads to smoother and more stable locomotion. Commonly, AFO are made using thermoplastic vacuum forming, which requires a long time for production and has limited design options. Additive manufacturing (AM) can solve this problem, leading to a faster and cheaper solution. This review aimed to investigate what is the state-of-art using AM for AFO. Evaluating the used manufacturing processes, customization steps, mechanical properties, and biomechanical features in humans would provide significant insights for further research. The database searches combined AM and AFO with no year or publication type restrictions. Studies must have examined outcomes on human participants with the orthoses built by AM. Other types of orthotic devices or different manufacturing techniques were excluded. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. As stated by having all studies conducted in the last nine years, this is a very recent domain. Different AM processes have been used, with the majority relying on Fused Deposition Modeling. Overall, the manuscripts’ quality is deficient, which is critical to promoting further studies with higher samples. Except for one paper, AM-printed AFO was comparable or superior to the thermoplastic vacuum forming AFO in mechanical tests, kinematics, kinetics, and participant feedback.

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3D-printed ankle-foot orthosis: a design method

Cited by 41 publications

References 6 publications

Advances in Orthotic and Prosthetic Manufacturing: A Technology Review

Advances in Orthotic and Prosthetic Manufacturing: A Technology Review

The Influence of the Material Type and the Placement in the Print Chamber on the Roughness of MJF-Printed 3D Objects

A Review of Additive Manufacturing Studies for Producing Customized Ankle-Foot Orthoses

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