3D passive photon counting automatic target recognition using advanced correlation filters

Abstract

In this Letter, we present results for detecting and recognizing 3D objects in photon counting images using integral imaging with maximum average correlation height filters. We show that even under photon starved conditions objects may be automatically recognized in passively sensed 3D images using advanced correlation filters. We show that the proposed filter synthesized with ideal training images can detect and recognize a 3D object in photon counting images, even in the presence of occlusions and obscuration.

Information Authentication of Three-Dimensional Photon Counting Double Random Phase Encryption Using Nonlinear Maximum Average Correlation Height Filter

“…To authenticate the information, we need one particular filter design algorithm known as Maximum Average Correlation Height (MACH) filter [14], which has been found to be robust over a broad range of conditions such as variations in the object's scale, its orientation, background clutter and noise. This filter uses many reconstructed 3D images at different reconstruction depths as the training data as shown in Fig.…”

“…However, under severely photon-starved conditions, the primary data cannot be decrypted with the key information correctly. Therefore, to visualize and authenticate the primary information, three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques such as integral imaging [12] and correlation filters [13,14] can be utilized. In integral imaging, multiple images with different perspectives can be used for 3D reconstruction.…”

Photon-counting double-random-phase encoding for secure image verification and retrieval

“…Photon-counting imaging techniques have been applied in many fields and in different spectral bandwidths [5,[7][8][9][10][11]. 2D image recognition using photon-limited distributions has also been demonstrated [7][8].…”

“…2D image recognition using photon-limited distributions has also been demonstrated [7][8]. The photon-counting approach on 3D object recognition has recently been investigated [5,11].…”

Three-Dimensional Integral Imaging for Gesture Recognition Under Occlusions

“…Unlike RGB-D active devices such as Kinect which work in close-range indoor scenes, passive integral imaging can operate in longrange applications [21], and has shown promise to deal with challenging imaging conditions, such us turbid water [9], low illumination [10], or occlusions [16], [38], [12].…”