3D palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Phanerozoic versus sea-level and Sr-ratio variations

Vérard, Christian; Hochard, Cyril; Baumgartner, Peter O.; Stampfli, Gérard M.; Min, Liu

doi:10.3724/sp.j.1261.2015.00068

Cited by 85 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…9). This could indicate that the evolution of 87 Sr / 86 Sr reflects variations in the composition of emergent continental crust (Bataille et al, 2017;Flament et al, 2013) as well as global weathering rates (e.g., Flament et al, 2013;Vérard et al, 2015;van der Meer et al, 2017). Figure 10.…”

Section: Global Flooded Continental Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving global paleogeography since the late Paleozoic using paleobiology

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Paleogeographic reconstructions are important to understand Earth's tectonic evolution, past eustatic and regional sea level change, paleoclimate and ocean circulation, deep Earth resources and to constrain and interpret the dynamic topography predicted by mantle convection models. Global paleogeographic maps have been compiled and published, but they are generally presented as static maps with varying map projections, different time intervals represented by the maps and different plate motion models that underlie the paleogeographic reconstructions. This makes it difficult to convert the maps into a digital form and link them to alternative digital plate tectonic reconstructions. To address this limitation, we develop a workflow to restore global paleogeographic maps to their present-day coordinates and enable them to be linked to a different tectonic reconstruction. We use marine fossil collections from the Paleobiology Database to identify inconsistencies between their indicative paleoenvironments and published paleogeographic maps, and revise the locations of inferred paleo-coastlines that represent the estimated maximum transgression surfaces by resolving these inconsistencies. As a result, the consistency ratio between the paleogeography and the paleoenvironments indicated by the marine fossil collections is increased from an average of 75 % to nearly full consistency (100 %). The paleogeography in the main regions of North America, South America, Europe and Africa is significantly revised, especially in the Late Carboniferous, Middle Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Late Cretaceous and most of the Cenozoic. The global flooded continental areas since the Early Devonian calculated from the revised paleogeography in this study are generally consistent with results derived from other paleoenvironment and paleo-lithofacies data and with the strontium isotope record in marine carbonates. We also estimate the terrestrial areal change over time associated with transferring reconstruction, filling gaps and modifying the paleogeographic geometries based on the paleobiology test. This indicates that the variation of the underlying plate reconstruction is the main factor that contributes to the terrestrial areal change, and the effect of revising paleogeographic geometries based on paleobiology is secondary.

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Section: Global Flooded Continental Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving global paleogeography since the late Paleozoic using paleobiology

et al. 2017

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“…3 Mass-transport deposits (MTD) Vérard et al (2015) do not acknowledge the geologic importance of mass-transport deposits (MTD) in building their model. The general term "mass transport" represents the failure, dislodgement, and downslope movement of either sediment or glacier under the influence of gravity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In fact, Vérard et al (2015, p. 73) concede that the Bengal Fan is not represented in the synthetic topography created by the model. · One of the problems with the paper by Vérard et al (2015) is their failure to cite peer-reviewed publications in revealing the original datasets. For example, the first published estimate of sediment thickness for the Bengal Fan was >5 km (Curray and Moore, 1974; see also Barnes and Normark, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the world's largest submarine MTD is the Agulhas Slump in SE Africa (Dingle, 1977), which is 20,331 km 3 in size. However, Vérard et al (2015) have totally ignored the importance of both submarine and subaerial MTD in building their model. · What is the reason for ignoring MTD?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What is the depositional origin, texture, and mineral composition of non-fans? · In documenting that the total volume of sediment in all major deep-sea fans indeed accounts for less than 0.01%, Vérard et al (2015) need to identify the original datasets (i.e., names, locations, sediment volumes, and related references) of individual fans used in their calculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Phanerozoic versus sea-level and Sr-ratio variations: Discussion

Shanmugam

2015

Journal of Palaeogeography

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Vérard et al. (2015, Journal of Palaeogeography, 4(1): 64-84) claim that their global geodynamic model allows one to reconstruct the surface features of topography on land and in adjacent oceans (i.e., paleobathymetry) anywhere on the globe and at any geological time during the past 600 million years (Ma). Such a grand model requires a rigorous scrutiny. The purpose of this discussion is to illustrate that the model suffers from (1) the selective omission of real-world datasets that do not fit the model, (2) the inclusion of datasets without revealing their original sources or without citing relevant peer-reviewed publications, (3) the emphasis on 'unpublished' internal company datasets that disallow open access to the international scientific community, and (4) the use of poorly understood concepts without providing the basic conceptual clarity. These deficiencies undermine the credibility of the heuristic model.

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Glacial onset predated Late Ordovician climate cooling

et al. 2016

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The Ordovician glaciation represents the acme of one of only three major icehouse periods in Earth's Phanerozoic history and is notorious for setting the scene for one of the “big five” mass extinction events. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that drove ice sheet growth remain poorly understood and the final extent of the ice sheet crudely constrained. Here using an Earth system model with an innovative coupling method between ocean, atmosphere, and land ice accounting for climate and ice sheet feedback processes, we report simulations portraying for the first time the detailed evolution of the Ordovician ice sheet. We show that the emergence of the ice sheet happened in two discrete phases. In a counterintuitive sequence of events, the continental ice sheet appeared suddenly in a warm climate. Only during the second act, and set against a background of decreasing atmospheric CO2, followed steeply dropping temperatures and extending sea ice. The comparison with abundant sedimentological, geochemical, and micropaleontological data suggests that glacial onset may have occurred as early as the Middle Ordovician Darriwilian, in agreement with recent studies reporting third‐order glacioeustatic cycles during the same period. The second step in ice sheet growth, typified by a sudden drop in tropical sea surface temperatures by ∼8°C and the further extension of a single, continental‐scale ice sheet over Gondwana, marked the onset of the Hirnantian glacial maximum. By suggesting the presence of an ice sheet over Gondwana throughout most of the Middle and Late Ordovician, our models embrace the emerging paradigm of an “early Paleozoic Ice Age.”

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3D palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Phanerozoic versus sea-level and Sr-ratio variations

Cited by 85 publications

References 56 publications

Improving global paleogeography since the late Paleozoic using paleobiology

Improving global paleogeography since the late Paleozoic using paleobiology

3D palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Phanerozoic versus sea-level and Sr-ratio variations: Discussion

Glacial onset predated Late Ordovician climate cooling

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