3D Monitoring of Buildings Using TerraSAR-X InSAR, DInSAR and PolSAR Capacities

Abstract

Abstract:The rapid expansion of cities increases the need of urban remote sensing for a large scale monitoring. This paper provides greater understanding of how TerraSAR-X (TSX) high-resolution abilities enable to reach the spatial precision required to monitor individual buildings, through the use of a 4 year temporal stack of 100 images over Paris (France). Three different SAR modes are investigated for this purpose. First a method involving a whole time-series is proposed to measure realistic heights of buildings. Then, we show that the small wavelength of TSX makes the interferometric products very sensitive to the ordinary building-deformation, and that daily deformation can be measured over the entire building with a centimetric accuracy, and without any a priori on the deformation evolution, even when neglecting the impact of the atmosphere. Deformations up to 4 cm were estimated for the Eiffel Tower and up to 1 cm for other lower buildings. These deformations were analyzed and validated with weather and in situ local data. Finally, four TSX polarimetric images were used to investigate geometric and dielectric properties of buildings under the deterministic framework. Despite of the resolution loss of this mode, the possibility to estimate the structural elements of a building orientations and their relative complexity in the spatial organization are demonstrated.

Analysis of Damage to Buildings in Urban Centers on Unstable Slopes via TerraSAR-X PSI Data: The Case Study of El Papiol Town (Spain)

“…3). In this way, although settlements refer to PS located on the building roof, they were considered as occurring at the foundation level, thus neglecting either compressive or tensile strains that may affect the superstructure [11] as well as possible thermal expansion of materials [25], [26]. In Phase III, empirical relationships were derived between and the PL for the samples of R.C.…”

Temporal H/alpha Target Decomposition for Landslide Monitoring Using Ku-Band GB-SAR Time Series

“… identifies the A spatial multi-looking operation practically realizes ensemble averaging in (1), assuming ergodicity and spatial stationarity of the corresponding samples, because of the lack of temporal polarimetric data stack in spaceborne and airborne SAR. This process generally degrades the spatial resolution and has a risk of mixing different distributions, leading to a biased estimate of the decomposition values [13], [17].…”

“…The number of samples in the averaging operation affects the polarimetric H estimation. As demonstrated in [13], [17], the bias in H was pronounced in the case of the insufficient number of averaging samples, leading to a wrong interpretation of the target character. Therefore, a trade-off between bias and temporal resolution must be considered according to the system operational mode.…”

“…Therefore, metal wire mesh can be assumed to be modeled by a cloud of a randomly oriented dipole-like object in the Kuband plotted on zone-8 or zone-5 of the in Table I). The spatial multi-looking of heterogeneous pixels caused the higher spatial H in terms of the scattering mechanism [4], [13], which is understood by the broader distribution of temp…”

“…A few studies have discussed temporal averaging's applicability in the derivation of the covariance or coherency matrix. In the spaceborne SAR context, Weissgerber et al estimated the H value by temporal averaging using a temporal stack of polarimetric data [13], called temporal H ( temp H ).…”