“…The formation of microcracks, their effects on mass transport and correlations to aggregate properties have been modelled in two-dimensions [23][24][25][26][27]. 3D models have also been used to study the effects of microcracks on the diffusivity and permeability of concrete [28][29][30]. A major advantage of 3D computational models is that microcracks of various characteristics can be generated to enable a systematic study.…”