3D modeling of an HT-PEFC stack using reformate gas

3D analysis, modeling and simulation of transport processes in compressed fibrous microstructures, using the Lattice Boltzmann method

“…In modeling approaches of fuel cells or even stacks the GDL is often considered as a homogeneous medium with effective homogenized transport properties. With this approach Kvesić et al were able to simulate the behavior of entire HT-PEFC stacks by embedding user defined functions for the electrochemical reactions into commercial CFD software [12,13]. Also based on effective transport properties, the effect of different compression levels of the GDL was studied by Olesen et al [14] by means of CFD.…”

Water transport study in a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

“…and ! (5x10 -5 A cm -2 and 0.7, respectively) were taken from [37]. In order to fit the experimental data !…”

Thermal management of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stacks in the power range of 1–10 kWe

“…A number of stack thermal management studies have been reported in the literature. These include the study of Andreasen et al [27] for an air-cooled HT-PEMFC stack designed for a hybrid electrical vehicle; the studies of Scholta et al [28,29] for a 5-cell, air/ liquid cooled stack and a 10-cell stack cooled using heat pipes; the study of Song et al [30] for a natural circulation driven water cooling system; and the work of Kvesic et al [31,32] who developed a multi-scale, three-dimensional model for a stack containing one coolant channel in each bipolar plate. Kvesic et al showed that with pre-heating of the reactants and coolant, the cell temperature variation can be reduced to within the range of 3e6 K for a hydrogen-fed stack [31] and to about 9e10 K for a stack fed with reformate gas [32].…”

“…These include the study of Andreasen et al [27] for an air-cooled HT-PEMFC stack designed for a hybrid electrical vehicle; the studies of Scholta et al [28,29] for a 5-cell, air/ liquid cooled stack and a 10-cell stack cooled using heat pipes; the study of Song et al [30] for a natural circulation driven water cooling system; and the work of Kvesic et al [31,32] who developed a multi-scale, three-dimensional model for a stack containing one coolant channel in each bipolar plate. Kvesic et al showed that with pre-heating of the reactants and coolant, the cell temperature variation can be reduced to within the range of 3e6 K for a hydrogen-fed stack [31] and to about 9e10 K for a stack fed with reformate gas [32]. This is in agreement with the results of Scholta et al [29] who reported a cell temperature variation of 56 K for an inlet coolant temperature of 373 K. Modeling studies by the present authors of cooling of a 1 kWe stack by using cathode air [33] and a separate liquid coolant circuit [34] confirmed the importance of coolant inlet temperature.…”

“…In the present work, we study these issues by evaluating the optimal conditions for coolant circulation for 24-cell stacks of active cell areas of 10 Â 10 cm, 20 Â 20 cm and 30 Â 30 cm, corresponding to a nominal stack power of 1, 4 and 9 kWe when the HT-PEMFC operates at 0.5 V and 0.9 A/cm 2 [32]. A stack model previously used for analysis of integrated cathode air cooling [33] and external coolant circulation [34] is used to investigate the pressure drop and cell temperature variations for the three cells with different cooling strategies.…”