3D mesoporous reduced graphene oxide with remarkable supercapacitive performance

Jha, Plawan Kumar; Gupta, Kriti; Debnath, A.K.; Rana, Shammi; Sharma, Rajendrakumar; Ballav, Nirmalya

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2019.03.082

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…HHTP was added to an aqueous dispersion of GO followed by the addition of CuCl (not conventional Cu(II) precursor). Simultaneous Cu(I)−Cu(II) oxidation and GO− rGO reduction reactions 24 enabled us to isolate the Cu-HHTP-rGO solid (Figure 1). To unequivocally establish the importance of an in situ oxidation−reduction chemistry inducing chemical interaction in the Cu-HHTP-rGO system, we have synthesized two control samples; one, upon adopting a conventional strategy where rGO was added to the reaction mixture of HHTP and CuCl 2 (conventional reagent) for isolation of the Cu-HHTP/rGO solid, and the other, a mechanical mixture of Cu-HHTP and rGO, the Cu-HHTP +rGO solid.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 The BET surface area of the pure rGO prepared using the similar reaction protocol was found to be ∼362 m 2 •g −1 . 24 In comparison to both the pristine Cu-HHTP and rGO samples, the N 2 gas uptake was dramatically increased for the Cu-HHTP-rGO sample, and subsequently, the BET surface area was enhanced to ∼439 m 2 •g −1 (Figure S5). Interestingly, the average pore diameter of ∼6.6 Å was consistently observed for both the pristine Cu-HHTP and Cu-HHTP-rGO samples (Figure S5), and therefore, the increment in BET surface area can be attributed to the synergistic effect and/or the presence of highly ordered crystallites of Cu-HHTP in the Cu-HHTP-rGO sample stemming from the chemical interaction.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the higher capacitance value for the Cu-HHTP-rGO sample is not primarily due to the presence of rGO; instead, it is arising due to the chemical interaction of rGO and Cu-HHTP. Moreover, at a current density of 0.5 A•cm −2 , the areal capacitance of the Cu-HHTP-rGO sample was evaluated as ∼360 mF•cm −2 , which is much higher than those of the control samples, 256 mF•cm −2 for the Cu-HHTP/rGO sample and 250 mF•cm −2 for the Cu-HHTP+rGO sample (Figures S15−S17 Finally, all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor cells were fabricated by a standardized procedure, 24,42 and performances of devices were evaluated, likewise devices in liquid-state configuration (Figures S18−S21, Table S4). Specifically, the Cu-HHTP-rGO sample showed significantly higher gravimet- ric capacitance (∼124 F•g −1 at a current density of 0.25 A•g −1 ) and areal capacitance (∼248 mF•cm −2 at a current density of 0.5 A•cm −2 ) values than those of the Cu-HHTP/rGO sample (∼52 F•g −1 at a current density of 0.25 A•g −1 and ∼104 mF• cm −2 at a current density of 0.5 A•cm −2 , respectively) (Figures S19 and S20).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemically Integrating a 2D Metal–Organic Framework with 2D Functionalized Graphene

2021

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Two-dimensional metal–organic frameworks (2D MOFs) are the next-generation 2D crystalline solids. Integrating 2D MOFs with conventional 2D materials like graphene is promising for a variety of applications, including energy or gas storage, catalysis, and sensing. However, unraveling the importance of chemical interaction over an additive effect is essential. Here, we present an unconventional chemistry to integrate a Cu-based 2D MOF, Cu-HHTP (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene), with 2D functionalized graphene, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), by an in situ oxidation–reduction reaction. Combined Raman spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements along with structural analysis evidenced the chemical interaction between Cu-HHTP and rGO, which was subsequently assigned to be the key for the manifestation of significantly modified physical properties. Of particular mention is the conversion of an n-type crystalline solid to a p-type crystalline solid upon the chemical integration of Cu-HHTP with rGO, as revealed by Seebeck coefficient. More importantly, the thermoelectric power factor exhibited an increasing trend with increasing temperature, unlike an opposite trend observed due to an additive effect. The results anticipate the ability of a redox reaction to chemically integrate other 2D MOFs with rGO and show how an in situ synthesis can trigger chemical interaction between two distinctive 2D materials.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemically Integrating a 2D Metal–Organic Framework with 2D Functionalized Graphene

2021

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“…The current−voltage (I−V) characteristic of pure rGO, extracted from the clinoatacamite− rGO nanocomposite, was Ohmic, and the conductivity value was estimated to be ∼200 S•m −1 at 300 K (Figure S13a). 38 Interestingly, a mechanical mixture of 10 wt % rGO with 90 wt % insulating clinoatacamite (resistance ≈ 10 11 Ω; Figure S13) revealed significantly low conductivity value (∼35 S•m −1 at 300 K) (Figure S13). Apparently, the contribution of clinoatacamite to the resistivity of clinoatacamite−rGO nanocomposite is negligible (Figures 4b and S13).…”

Section: The Journal Of Physical Chemistry Lettersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedding S = 1/2 Kagome-like Lattice in Reduced Graphene Oxide

Gupta

Jha

Dadwal

et al. 2019

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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An elegant platform to explore frustrated magnetism is the kagome spin lattice. In this work, clinoatacamite, a naturally occurring S = 1/2 kagome-like antiferromagnetic insulator, is synthesized in water at ambient pressure for the first time from a cuprous chloride (CuCl) precursor whereby Cu(I) was spontaneously oxidized to Cu(II) in the form of clinoatacamite [Cu 2 (OH) 3 Cl] with a simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in one pot. A stable nanocomposite of phase-pure clinoatacamite nanocrystals embedded in the rGO matrix was isolated. The clinoatacamite−rGO nanocomposite was determined to be magnetically active with a markedly enhanced coercive field of ∼2500 Oe at 5 K as well as electronically active with a conductivity value of ∼200 S•m −1 at 300 K. Our results illustrate an avenue of combining exotic magnetic and electronic lattices without impeding their individual characteristics and synergistically generating a new class of magnetic semiconductors.

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“…Homogeneous dispersion of carbonaceous NPs in the polymer can be enhanced by chemical or physical functionalization [ 22 , 23 ]. Many studies have been published about polymeric electrolytes containing GNP and FGNP [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Marchezi et al [ 28 ] prepared a gel polymer electrolyte composed of PEO, γ-butyrolactone (GBL), LiI, I 2 , and different concentrations of reduced graphene oxide (RGO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Development and Rheological Study of a Nanocomposite Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Functionalized Graphene for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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For a liquid electrolyte-based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), long-term device instability is known to negatively affect the ionic conductivity and cell performance. These issues can be resolved by using the so called quasi-solid-state electrolytes. Despite the enhanced ionic conductivity of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), their inherent tendency toward aggregation has limited their application in quasi-solid-state electrolytes. In the present study, the GNPs were chemically modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) through amidation reaction to obtain a dispersible nanostructure in a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene) copolymer and polyethylene oxide (PVDF–HFP/PEO) polymer-blended gel electrolyte. Maximum ionic conductivity (4.11 × 10−3 S cm−1) was obtained with the optimal nanocomposite gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) containing 0.75 wt% functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (FGNPs), corresponding to a power conversion efficiency of 5.45%, which was 1.42% and 0.67% higher than those of the nanoparticle-free and optimized-GPE (containing 1 wt% GNP) DSSCs, respectively. Incorporating an optimum dosage of FGNP, a homogenous particle network was fabricated that could effectively mobilize the redox-active species in the amorphous region of the matrix. Surface morphology assessments were further performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of rheological measurements revealed the plasticizing effect of the ionic liquid (IL), offering a proper insight into the polymer–particle interactions within the polymeric nanocomposite. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) investigations, the decrease in the glass transition temperature (and the resultant increase in flexibility) highlighted the influence of IL and polymer–nanoparticle interactions. The obtained results shed light on the effectiveness of the FGNPs for the DSSCs.

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3D mesoporous reduced graphene oxide with remarkable supercapacitive performance

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Chemically Integrating a 2D Metal–Organic Framework with 2D Functionalized Graphene

Chemically Integrating a 2D Metal–Organic Framework with 2D Functionalized Graphene

Embedding S = 1/2 Kagome-like Lattice in Reduced Graphene Oxide

Microstructural Development and Rheological Study of a Nanocomposite Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Functionalized Graphene for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

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