3D Macroporous Frame Based Microbattery With Ultrahigh Capacity, Energy Density, and Integrability

Abstract

In-plane microbatteries (MBs) with features of facile integration, mass customization, and especially superior electrochemical performance are urgently required for self-powered microelectronic devices. In this work, a facile manufacturing process is employed to fabricate Zn-MnO 2 MB with a 3D macroporous microelectrode. Benefiting from the high electron/ion transport path of 3D macroporous microelectrode and high mass-loading of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-manganese dioxide (PEDOT-MnO 2 ) film, the MB achieves an ultrahigh capacity of 0.78 mAh cm −2 and an outstanding areal energy density of 1.02 mWh cm −2 . Moreover, 3D macroporous PEDOT-MnO 2 hybrid film is achieved by one-step electrodeposition, which effectively improves the cycling performance without reducing areal capacity or hindering the ion diffusion. Notably, the MB can stably drive an electronic timer for ≈400 min or be integrated and operated on the surface of a digital hygro-thermometer. The MBs are capable of operating stably in the high rotation speed and vibration condition, such as applied on the surface of an axial-flow fan. Moreover, the MB can integrate by stacking the substrate-free microelectrodes and achieving outstanding energy density of 3.87 mWh cm −2 . Therefore, the PEDOT-MnO 2 //Zn MB has good prospects as a next-generation component applied in self-powered microelectronic devices.

Multi-Channel Engineering of 3D Printed Zincophilic Anodes for Ultrahigh-Capacity and Dendrite-Free Quasi-Solid-State Zinc-Ion Microbatteries

“…At 0.3 mA cm –2 , areal device capacities reached 4.82, 7.93, and 11.93 mA h cm –2 for 1, 2, and 3 printing layers, respectively. The achieved device capacity values were superior to those of most reported Zn-based battery devices and even Li-based battery devices. − It can be observed that the 3DP-NiVO//NHCs@Zn battery exhibited a high energy density of up to 5.98 mW h cm –2 , which was superior to those of reported micro energy storage devices (Figure d). ,,− …”

Recent Advances on Stretchable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries for Wearable Electronics

“…In this electroplating method, the pre‐deposited thickness of Cu coating and the mass loading of NiCo BOH are key factors of deciding the performance of final battery. The other common cathode materials, like MnO 2 , PANI, and PPy, can also be prepared by this method under a mild condition, [ 29,79,80,94,95 ] and the pH and components of solution system play a significant role in regulating their morphologies and microstructures. In addition, carbon cloth is often used as the current collector for electroplating in flexible energy‐storage devices, [ 96–98 ] and can achieve a good stretchability using a kirigami structure.…”

Unveiling the recent advances in micro-electrode materials and configurations for sodium-ion micro-batteries

“…This leads to higher capacity and energy compared to 2D micro-devices. 202 Additionally, the hierarchical structure of the μE arrays in 3D allows for faster diffusion of electrolyte ions, resulting in higher power and energy density. 3D stacked μBs can maximize the use of the electrode area, leading to increased active material loading and capacity compared to 2D stacked μBs.…”