3D laser scanning for monitoring the quality of surface in agricultural sector

Abstract

The paper considers three technologies for obtaining data on the road surface -through video recording, thermal imaging and laser scanning for the purpose of monitoring, diagnostics and control of the road quality. An analysis of the first two methods showed their significant drawbacks, such as the inability to measure the geometric parameters of deformations (video recording) and the significant dependence of the measurement results on external conditions (thermal imaging). Laser scanning, on the contrary, has a number of advantages, including coordinate referencing, obtaining a three-dimensional model, its transformation and measurement of parameters. Laser scanning is widely used, but mainly for measuring the quantitative characteristics of objects. The paper discusses the application of the laser scanning method to determine the qualitative characteristics of the road surface - the presence or absence of defects, which include hollow spots, waves, cavities, chipping, bleeding, humps, cracks, vertical displacement of road plates, rutting, unevenness of patching, damage to the road surface, track, breach, destruction of the pavement edge, subsidence followed by a complex of repair work. For this, a ground-based laser scanning was performed, the results of which were processed using the Leica Cyclone 9.4 software. According to the scanning data, defects were detected in the form of soil subsidence, hollow spots and humps. The performed work revealed a drawback of the laser scanning method, which consists in the absence of automated detection and recognition of deformations. A number of measures have been proposed to improve this drawback, which slows down the randomness and quality of work in monitoring and diagnosing the road. Further prospects for research on this topic, in particular the multi-purpose use of scanning data, by creating a distributed ledger are also indicated.

Monitoring of the weed component of the flora of fallow lands of the southern part of the Volga Upland within the administrative boundaries of the Saratov region

“…Buryaceous communities predominate in the vegetation of these deposits. Floristic composition is scarce, weed plants dominate, occupying a large area [10][11][12][13]. Species of weed plants such as rhizomatous perennials start prevailing on medium-growth deposits (6-10-year-olds) (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.)…”

Security of infrastructural linear objects by using three-dimensional laser scanning technology

“…The results of scanning are recorded in the memory of the device in the form of a point cloud -a set of measured points with known threedimensional coordinates (XYZ), which allows getting a detailed digital spatial double of objects located in the radius of the survey. For this instrument, this value is 300 m. The distance for the Leica Scanstation C10 is measured with an accuracy of 4 mm at 50 m, the vertical and horizontal angle is 12´´/12´´, and a single location is 6 mm [17].…”

“…Laser scanning allows determining the height (Z-coordinate) without additional calculations by a point cloud. In addition, scanning has a number of other advantages [17,18]:…”

Destabilizing factors of urban renovation

“…-Various impacts on the environmental situation, including increased risks for the construction site staff and the residents of the adjacent neighborhood [3].…”