3D hepatocyte monolayer on hybrid RGD/galactose substratum

Arginine–glycine–aspartic acid–polyethylene glycol–polyamidoamine dendrimer conjugate improves liver-cell aggregation and function in 3-D spheroid culture

“…RGD-PEG-PAMAM may be involved in the action of RGD-peptide segments and integrin, and it enhances the action between hepatic cells and matrix, causing hepatic cells to be difficult to remove from the matrix and facilitating the transportation of nutrients. 9 The results shown in this paper indicate that the constructed RGD-PEG-PAMAM has biological activities. In addition, in reference to other relevant research (Kim et al pointed out that the synthesized PAMAM polymer can activate the JNK pathway of dental pulp cells and upregulate the expression of related marker genes; 41 Jiang et al reported that the synthesized PAMAM polymer can stimulate the proliferation of NIH3T3 cells), 20 we can reasonably presume that our product RGD-PEG-PAMAM not only can be used in sphere-aggregate culture of hepatic cells but also has a unique role in the aggregation of other cells.…”

“…9,10 Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were the first complete dendrimer family to be synthesized, characterized, and commercialized. 11 In addition to its use in the chemical industry, PAMAM and its nanocomposites have made important progress in biomedical applications, including drug-controlled release, 12 drug delivery, [13][14][15] a magnetic resonance imaging agent, 16,17 and dental material, 18 due to good biocompatibility, no immunogenicity, and the easy introduction of various chemical groups at terminal and center positions.…”

Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Porous Iron-Cross-Linked Alginate as a Scaffold for Cell Culture

“…On the Fe-alginate scaffold, cells formed multicellular spheroids (Figures 4(a) and 4(b)). Cells forming spheroids are known to be able to maintain their specific functions exhibited in vivo [1,4,5,[12][13][14][15][16]. It has been reported that cells such as hepatocytes or chondrocytes lose their function under monolayer culture conditions [1][2][3].…”

“…Cells forming spheroids are known to be able to maintain their specific functions exhibited in vivo [1,4,5,[12][13][14][15][16]. It has been reported that cells such as hepatocytes or chondrocytes lose their function under monolayer culture conditions [1][2][3]. In the case of cancer cells, their behavior is similar to that in vivo when cultured as multicellular spheroids, unlike the situation under two-dimensional conditions [4,5,[12][13][14][15].…”

“…Two-dimensional cell culture is frequently used because it is convenient and manageable for the maintenance of cells and also for biological research. However, it has been reported that various cells lose their functions when cultured as a monolayer under two-dimensional conditions [1][2][3][4][5]. Thus, two-dimensional culture is considered to be an unnatural condition for many cell types.…”