3d Geospatial Indoor Navigation for Disaster Risk Reduction and Response in Urban Environment

Abstract

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Disaster management for urban environments with complex structures requires 3D extensions of indoor applications to support better risk reduction and response strategies. The paper highlights the need for assessment and explores the role of 3D geospatial information and modeling regarding the indoor structure and navigational routes which can be utilized as disaster risk reduction and response strategy. The reviewed models or methods are analysed testing parameters in the context of indoor risk and disaster management. These parameters are level of detail, connection to outdoor, spatial model and network, handling constraints. 3D reconstruction of indoors requires the structural data to be collected in a feasible manner with sufficient details. Defining the indoor space along with obstacles is important for navigation. Readily available technologies embedded in smartphones allow development of mobile applications for data collection, visualization and navigation enabling access by masses at low cost. The paper concludes with recommendations for 3D modeling, navigation and visualization of data using readily available smartphone technologies, drones as well as advanced robotics for Disaster Management.</p>

A Simplified CityGML-Based 3D Indoor Space Model for Indoor Applications

“…Indoor navigation is concerned with indoor spaces (e.g., rooms and corridors) and constraints (e.g., walls and doors) represented by various indoor spatial elements [27] of appropriate semantic type and geometric representation to define various physical and virtual spaces [26]. In addition, indoor spatial information should not only reflect the indoor space environment of a building but also consider navigation constraints, such as adjacencies of indoor spaces and indoor paths [5,13]. Therefore, 3D indoor spatial information should contain detailed geometric and rich semantic information about various indoor functional spaces and building components, such as rooms, stairs, walls, ceilings, doors, and windows, which organize the indoor spaces into a number of spatial units and spatial relationships and provide appropriate information for indoor applications, such as indoor navigation.…”

“…Smart cities, as a new urban development concept, extend people's perceptions and explorations of spatial information from outdoor spaces to indoor spaces [1,2]. In particular the continuous development of indoor positioning technology has given rise to many indoor space applications, such as indoor navigation, indoor emergency rescue, and indoor path planning [3][4][5][6]. With the help of various indoor positioning technologies [7][8][9][10][11][12], people can easily get from one place to another in an indoor environment.…”

3d Indoor-Pedestrian Interaction in Emergencies: A Review of Actual Evacuations and Simulation Models

“…In order to simulate the 3D indoor-pedestrian interaction, 3D spatial information related to indoor environments is required and imperative, which can be adopted to generate realistic environmental contexts and create a 3D operational virtual space for reproducing pedestrian evacuations (Ghawana et al, 2018). 3D spatial information has been generated and extracted in existing studies, particularly indoor evacuation and navigation domains (Xiong et al, 2017;Gorte et al, 2019;Zlatanova et al, 2020;Aleksandrov et al, 2021).…”

Dynamic Simulation Method of High-Speed Railway Engineering Construction Processes Based on Virtual Geographic Environment

“…Therefore, appropriately considering information associated with the surrounding environment and the spatio-temporal relations between actual construction processes and the surrounding area is the key to precise and scientific construction simulations. Three-dimensional geographic information system (3D GIS) has the characteristics of multi-source heterogeneous data fusion, mass quantity management and display, spatial analysis, etc., so it provides a very good basic platform for construction simulation [7,8].…”