“…[29,30] On the other hand, for the Mo 3d and S2ps pectra as shown in Figure 3b,c, at iny peak at 225.6 eV as well as strong peaks at 228.3 eV and 231.5 eV are visible, corresponding to the MoÀSb ond, and Mo 4 + specieso f Mo 3d 5/2 and Mo 3d 3/2 , [17] and another set of strongp eaks at 161.2 eV and 162.3 eV for 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 orbitals of S 2À species in undoped MoS 2 ,r espectively. [13,28] After Pd oping, the spectra of Mo 3d and S2po fM oS 2 are still similar to those of the undoped one, except for the apparent shifts in their binding energies. Explicitly,t he peaks of Mo 3d spectra are shiftedt o 226.0, 228.9, and 232.0 eV,c orrespondingly;a nd for the S2p spectra,t he peaks are movedt o1 61.7 eV and 162.9 eV,r espectively.These peak shifts may be related to the low-temperature annealing process, indicating that elemental substitution of P into Ss ites occurred in MoS 2 crystals during the doping process.…”