3D Finite Volume Modeling of ENDE Using ElectromagneticT-Formulation

Abstract

An improved method which can analyze the eddy current density in conductor materials using finite volume method is proposed on the basis of Maxwell equations andT-formulation. The algorithm is applied to solve 3D electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (E’NDE) benchmark problems. The computing code is applied to study an Inconel 600 work piece with holes or cracks. The impedance change due to the presence of the crack is evaluated and compared with the experimental data of benchmark problems No. 1 and No. 2. The results show a good agreement between both calculated and measured data.

Composite Material Characterization using Eddy Current by 3D FEM Associated with Iterative Technique

“…To solve this equation, we have used the ⃗ -iterative method which was already proposed by some authors to calculate eddy currents in NDT problems [13][14][15][16]. The advantage of this method is that it uses a reduced number of unknown variables and the air is not included in the mesh of the global system.…”

“…Hence, the introduction of a factor α called "relaxation factor" such as " ", [16] aims to make it possible to ensure system convergence. The maximum convergence speed should be achieved with .…”

“…In the literature there are several forms of sensors in the field of EC-NDT for the inspection of isotopic or anisotropic parts [6,8,15,16], the most important in the domain of composite materials is the rectangular sensor [15], Figure 8, since the orientation of the fibers in each ply constituting the CFRP plate is determined directly from the analysis of the normalized impedance variation of the sensor (see equation ( 22)) as a function of its angle of rotation. In this paper, three different applications are proposed to illustrate the characterization of a unidirectional, bidirectional and multidirectional carbon fiber plate and to show the effect of fiber orientation using the normalized impedance variation diagram in the polar coordinates.…”

“…Several scientific works, in the literature, use the ⃗iterative method for modeling and simulating of problems of Eddy Current non Destructive Testing (EC-NDT) [13][14][15][16]. In 2009, [15] exploited this iterative method associated with the finite difference method to characterize the composite carbon fiber materials (CFRP), and in 2012, [16] used the same method coupled with the finite volume method to characterize isotropic materials and CFRP composites possibly containing defects.…”

Arbitrary movement simulation using 3D NC-FVM for electromagnetic problems

“…During the past few years, the finite volume method (FVM) has demonstrated its efficiency and accuracy in the solution of different kinds of electromagnetic problems such as magnetostatic, eddy current and magnetic force computation (Mabrouk et al ., 2013a, 2013b; Yaoqin et al ., 2001; Li et al ., 2012; Zou et al ., 2004). Compared to the finite element method (FEM), the FVM ensures both robustness of computation and facilities of implementation.…”