3D Electrospinning of Al2O3/ZrO2 Fibrous Aerogels for Multipurpose Thermal Insulation

Abstract

Ceramic aerogels are excellent ultralight-weight thermal insulators yet impractical due to their tendency towards structural degradation at elevated temperatures, under mechanical disturbances, or in humid environments. Here, we present flexible and durable alumina/zirconia fibrous aerogels (AZFA) fabricated using 3D sol-gel electrospinning - a technique enabling in situ formation of 3D fiber assemblies with significantly reduced time consumption and low processing cost compared to most existing methods. Our AZFAs exhibit ultralow density (> 3.4 mg cm-3), low thermal conductivity (> 21.6 mW m-1 K-1), excellent fire resistance, whilst remaining mechanically elastic and flexible at 1300°C, and thermally stable at 1500°C. Particularly, we investigate the underlying structure-thermal conductivity relationships, demonstrating that the macroscopic fiber arrangement dictates the solid-phase thermal conduction, while mesopores in the fiber effectively trap air hence decreasing the gas conduction. We show experimentally and theoretically that directional heat transport, i.e., anisotropic thermal conductivity, can be achieved through compressing the fiber network. We further solve the moisture sensitivity problem of common fibrous aerogels through fluorination coating. The resulting material possesses excellent hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties, which can provide reliable thermal insulation under various conditions, including but not limited to high-temperature conditions in vehicles and aircraft, wet humid conditions in buildings, and underwater environments for oil pipelines.

Driving Fiber Diameters to the Limit: Nanoparticle-induced Diameter Reductions in Electrospun Photoactive Composite Nanofibers for Organic Photovoltaics

“…One successful approach to increasing light harvesting is the electrospinning of photoactive polymer nano bers. Electrospinning is a facile and tuneable method of producing continuous nano bers over a large area [11] (in our case, 100-200 cm 2 with a single nozzle), with low material wastage, and potential compatibility with roll-to-roll processing [12,13]. Electrospun photoactive nano bers may be either incorporated into BHJ-OPV devices, [14,15] or used to produce an alternative active layer architecture by in ltrating the interstitial space of the nanoweb with an electron acceptor [16][17][18].…”

Driving fiber diameters to the limit: nanoparticle-induced diameter reductions in electrospun photoactive composite nanofibers for organic photovoltaics

“…One successful approach to increasing light harvesting is the electrospinning of photoactive polymer nanofibers. Electrospinning is a facile and tuneable method of producing continuous nanofibers over a large area [11] (in our case, 100 -200 cm 2 with a single nozzle), with low material wastage, and potential compatibility with roll-to-roll processing [12,13]. Electrospun photoactive nanofibers may be either incorporated into BHJ-OPV devices, [14,15] or used to produce an alternative active layer architecture by infiltrating the interstitial space of the nanoweb with an electron acceptor [16][17][18].…”