3D Cephalometric Normality Range: Auto Contractive Maps (ACM) Analysis in Selected Caucasian Skeletal Class I Age Groups

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to define normal values of a novel 3D cephalometric analysis and to define the links through an artificial neural network (ANN). Methods: One hundred and fifteen CBCTs of Class I young patients, distributed among gender-adjusted developmental groups, were selected. Three operators identified 18 cephalometric landmarks from which 36 measurements were obtained. The repeatability was assessed through the ICC. Two-dimensional values were extracted by an automatic function, and the mean value and standard deviation were compared by paired Student’s t-tests. Correlation coefficient gave the relationships between 2D and 3D measurements for each group. The values were computed with the ANN to evaluate the parameters normality link and displayed by Pajek software. Results: The ICC assessed an excellent (≥0.9) repeatability. Normal values were extracted, and compared with 2D measurements, they showed a high correlation on the mid-sagittal plane, reaching 1.00, with the lowest 0.71 on the lateral plane. The ANN showed strong links between the values with the centrality of the go-sagittal plane compared to the rest. Conclusions: The study provides a set of 3D cephalometric values obtained by the upper and lower 95% CI for the mean divided into the developmental stage subgroups. The two-dimensional measurements showed variable concordance, while the ANN showed a centrality between the parameters.

Effects on Muscular Activity after Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion: A Prospective Observational Study

“…This indicates an increase in basal tone [ 36 ]. Patients with maxillary hypoplasia can have reduced bite force of muscle function during chewing or clenching [ 37 ]. Furthermore, the SARPE expansion showed how the results can be compared to adult patients with analogous surgical procedures.…”

Clinical Performance Evaluation of a Hyaluronic Acid Dental Gel for the Treatment of Traumatic Ulcers in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…HA is a hygroscopic macromolecule that is highly osmotic; this property is likely to be linked with the tissue’s response to inflammation [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Savadori et al described similar results in a double-blind randomized clinical trial with the use of 12% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 0.2% sodium hyaluronate for the treatment of minor recurrent aphthous ulcers [ 27 ].…”

A Retrospective Study Comparing Nose, Lip, and Chin Morphology in Class I, Class II, and Class III Skeletal Relationships in Patients Visiting to the Department of Orthodontics, BPKIHS: A Cephalometric Study

“…The radiographs were selected according to their skeletal antero-posterior jaw relationship (Class I, Class II, or Class III). ANB angle was chosen to classify the sagittal skeletal malocclusion group as it is simple and an immediate evaluation method with all the required landmarks approximately placed on midsagittal plane increasing its reliability with both lateral cephalometry and three-dimensional (3D) analysis [ 14 , 15 ].…”