3D bioprinted glioma models

Abstract

Glioma is one of the most malignant types of cancer and most gliomas remain incurable. One of the hallmarks of glioma is its invasiveness. Furthermore, glioma cells tend to readily detach from the primary tumor and travel through the brain tissue, making complete tumor resection impossible in many cases. To expand the knowledge regarding the invasive behavior of glioma, evaluate drug resistance, and recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, various modeling strategies were proposed in the last decade, including 3D biomimetic scaffold-free cultures, organ-on-chip microfluidics chips, and 3D bioprinting platforms, which allow for the investigation on patient-specific treatments. The emerging method of 3D bioprinting technology has introduced a time- and cost-efficient approach to create in vitro models that possess the structural and functional characteristics of human organs and tissues by spatially positioning cells and bioink. Here, we review emerging 3D bioprinted models developed for recapitulating the brain environment and glioma tumors, with the purpose of probing glioma cell invasion and gliomagenesis and discuss the potential use of 4D printing and machine learning applications in glioma modelling.

3D-Printed Microneedles for Point-of-Care Biosensing Applications

“…On the other hand, lithography is not a convenient approach for rapid prototyping; i.e., all the steps should be retaken if only one feature of the product is changed. 3D printing, with comparatively high accessibility and a higher level of reproducibility, offers a solution to these challenges [ 5 ]. Furthermore, since there is no requisite for expensive consumables such as wafers and photoresists, 3D printing reinforces its place for a cost- and time-efficient fabrication approach for MNA-based biosensors.…”

CRISPR-Cas-Integrated LAMP

“…Microfluidic systems have emerged as powerful tools to operate small sample volumes, couple reactions on a single chip, or mimic biological phenomena. As such microfluidic technologies have given rise to micro-total analysis systems (μTAS) and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) models, which have been utilized for various applications ranging from paper-based microfluidics testing [ 60 ] to 3D tumor modeling [ 61 ] or POC pathogen diagnostics [ 62 ]. Specifically, the development of POC pathogen detection platforms has allowed for the miniaturization of amplification reactions, reducing the required sample volumes as well as the reaction reagents [ 63 ].…”

Machine Learning-Enabled Prediction of 3D-Printed Microneedle Features

“…Among the various techniques developed for microneedle arrays (MNAs) fabrication, 3D printing is an emerging accessible method for their time- and cost-efficient manufacturing [ 8 , 9 ]. Available in different technologies such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and two/multi-photon polymerization (TPP/MPP), 3D printing can be used for the direct fabrication of MNAs using a variety of printable materials [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] such as hydrogels, acrylates, epoxides, polyamides, polyurethane (PU), polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and also bioinks with the ability to encapsulate cells.…”