3D Angiographic Atlas of Neurovascular Anatomy and Pathology

Borden, Neil M.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511547324

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The coronary circulation, for example, is designed to meet the strictly metabolic needs of the heart, and the vasculature system involved in meeting these needs is contained entirely within the well‐defined space and geometry of the heart (Zamir, ) . The same is true for the cerebral circulation (Borden, ) . In the pulmonary (Peacock et al, ) , renal (Eaton and Pooler, ) , and hepatic (Ryu and Cho, ) circulations, on the other hand, the needs which the blood supply system must satisfy in each case are not only metabolic because the functions of the lungs, kidneys, and liver involve not only energy expenditure but also re‐oxygenation in one case and filtration in the others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Intrinsic microvasculature of the sciatic nerve in the rat

Zamir

Twynstra²,

Vercnocke

et al. 2012

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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Microvasculature associated with the sciatic nerve was examined using high-resolution micro-CT scanning in one group of rats and surgical exploration in another. The results indicate that blood supply to the sciatic nerve is an "open-ended" system in which the vessels run longitudinally within the epineurium and connect with external vasculature primarily at junction points. Although the range of vasculature found extended down to 4-5 μ, only a few isolated vessels of this size were found, with no capillary "mesh" as such, possibly because of the close proximity of the intrinsic vessel to nerve fibers within the epineurium. While the study did not include direct measurements of flow or nerve function, the "open-ended" pattern of vasculature found has important implications regarding the relationship between the two. Specifically, the nerve is less vulnerable to a severe or complete disruption in blood supply than it would be under a close-ended system such as that of the heart or brain, where a severe disruption can occur with the obstruction of only a single vessel. Indeed, the pattern of vasculature found, subject to further study of vasculature at the capillary level, suggests that flow within the intrinsic vessels may be in either direction, depending on circumstances, somewhat like flow within the circle of Willis in the cerebral circulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Intrinsic microvasculature of the sciatic nerve in the rat

Zamir

Twynstra²,

Vercnocke

et al. 2012

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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“…This may be for two reasons: (i) although the exact arterial distribution varies from individual to individual, the ATL often has a double blood supply (the anterior temporal cortical artery of the middle cerebral artery and the anterior temporal branch of the distal posterior cerebral artery; Borden, 2006;Conn, 2003); and (ii) the anterior temporal cortical artery branches below the main trifurcation of the MCA and thus may be less vulnerable to emboli. As a consequence of this low stroke rate, this region is not considered in stroke-based neurological models of comprehension/semantic memory, whereas left TPJ and pFC are thought to be the critical neural substrates instead (Wise, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Nature of Deregulated Semantic Cognition in Semantic Aphasia: Evidence for the Roles of Prefrontal and Temporo-parietal Cortices

Noonan

Jefferies

Corbett

et al. 2010

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

205

421

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Semantic cognition--semantically driven verbal and nonverbal behavior--is composed of at least two interactive principal components: conceptual representations and executive control processes that regulate and shape activation within the semantic system. Previous studies indicate that semantic dementia follows from a progressive yet specific degradation of conceptual knowledge. In contrast, multimodal semantic impairment in aphasic patients (semantic aphasia [SA]) reflects damage to the control component of semantic cognition [Jefferies, E., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. Semantic impairment in stroke aphasia versus semantic dementia: A case-series comparison. Brain, 129, 2132-2147, 2006]. The purpose of the present study was to examine the nature of the semantic control deficits in SA in detail for the first time. Seven patients with SA were tested on four comprehension and naming tasks that directly manipulated the requirement for executive control in different ways. In line with many theories of cognitive control, the SA patients demonstrated three core features of impaired control: (i) they exhibited poor on-line manipulation and exploration of semantic knowledge; (ii) they exhibited poor inhibition of strongly associated distractors; and (iii) they exhibited reduced ability to focus on or augment less dominant aspects of semantic information, although the knowledge itself remained and could be successfully cued by external constraints provided by the examiner. Our findings are consistent with the notion that the anterior temporal lobes are crucial for conceptual knowledge whereas the left prefrontal and temporo-parietal cortices, damaged in patients with SA, play a critical role in regulating semantic activation in a task-appropriate fashion.

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“…In contrast, semantic impairment in aphasia is associated with damage to temporoparietal and prefrontal regions in the left hemisphere (e.g., Berthier, 2001; Chertkow et al, 1997; Jefferies and Lambon Ralph, 2006). The ATL is rarely damaged in patients with stroke aphasia, for two reasons: (i) the ATL often has a double blood supply (the anterior temporal cortical artery of the middle cerebral artery and the anterior temporal branch of the distal posterior cerebral artery: Borden, 2006; Conn, 2003) and (ii) the anterior temporal cortical artery branches below the main trifurcation of the MCA and thus may be less vulnerable to emboli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Pre-semantic” cognition revisited: Critical differences between semantic aphasia and semantic dementia

et al. 2010

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Patients with semantic dementia show a specific pattern of impairment on both verbal and non-verbal “pre-semantic” tasks: e.g., reading aloud, past tense generation, spelling to dictation, lexical decision, object decision, colour decision and delayed picture copying. All seven tasks are characterised by poorer performance for items that are atypical of the domain and “regularisation errors” (irregular/atypical items are produced as if they were domain-typical). The emergence of this pattern across diverse tasks in the same patients indicates that semantic memory plays a key role in all of these types of “pre-semantic” processing. However, this claim remains controversial because semantically-impaired patients sometimes fail to show an influence of regularity. This study demonstrates that (a) the location of brain damage and (b) the underlying nature of the semantic deficit affect the likelihood of observing the expected relationship between poor comprehension and regularity effects. We compared the effect of multimodal semantic impairment in the context of semantic dementia and stroke aphasia on the seven “pre-semantic” tasks listed above. In all of these tasks, the semantic aphasia patients were less sensitive to typicality than the semantic dementia patients, even though the two groups obtained comparable scores on semantic tests. The semantic aphasia group also made fewer regularisation errors and many more unrelated and perseverative responses. We propose that these group differences reflect the different locus for the semantic impairment in the two conditions: patients with semantic dementia have degraded semantic representations, whereas semantic aphasia patients show deregulated semantic cognition with concomitant executive deficits. These findings suggest a reinterpretation of single case studies of comprehension-impaired aphasic patients who fail to show the expected effect of regularity on “pre-semantic” tasks. Consequently, such cases do not demonstrate the independence of these tasks from semantic memory.

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3D Angiographic Atlas of Neurovascular Anatomy and Pathology

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Intrinsic microvasculature of the sciatic nerve in the rat

Intrinsic microvasculature of the sciatic nerve in the rat

Elucidating the Nature of Deregulated Semantic Cognition in Semantic Aphasia: Evidence for the Roles of Prefrontal and Temporo-parietal Cortices

“Pre-semantic” cognition revisited: Critical differences between semantic aphasia and semantic dementia

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