3D and 2D left ventricular systolic function imaging – from ejection fraction to deformation. Cardiac resynchronization therapy – substudy

Szulik, Mariola; Sliwinska, A.; Lenarczyk, Radosław; Szymała, Magdalena; Kalinowski, Mariusz; Markowicz-Pawlus, Ewa; Kalarus, Zbigniew; Kukulski, Tomasz

doi:10.1080/ac.70.1.3064590

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, when performing several echocardiographies a day, even a slight reduction in acquisition and analysis time matters. In line with other studies, 26,29 we found that 2D and 3D semi-automatic methods are time-saving alternatives to Simpson's biplane method.…”

Section: Lvef Estimation By Semi-automatic Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Semi‐automated estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction by two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional echocardiography is feasible, time‐efficient, and reproducible

et al. 2018

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Section: Lvef Estimation By Semi-automatic Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Semi‐automated estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction by two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional echocardiography is feasible, time‐efficient, and reproducible

et al. 2018

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“…Because the endocardial border of each image was manually tracked with the analysis software, it was possible to estimate the longitudinal geometry of the left ventricle at three adjacent axes from one heartbeat. With use of the three measurements from the two-dimensional images, the analysis software is able to estimate the end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes by assuming a relatively circular cross-sectional area of the ventricle, similar to the Simpson's biplane method (42). Data were collected from three heartbeats during each condition and averaged to produce one value.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of graded changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide tension on coronary blood velocity independent of myocardial energy demand

Boulet

Stembridge

Tymko

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Boulet LM, Stembridge M, Tymko MM, Tremblay JC, Foster GE. The effects of graded changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide tension on coronary blood velocity independent of myocardial energy demand. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 311: H326 -H336, 2016. First published May 23, 2016 doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00107.2016.-In humans, coronary blood flow is tightly regulated by microvessels within the myocardium to match myocardial energy demand. However, evidence regarding inherent sensitivity of the microvessels to changes in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen is conflicting because of the accompanied changes in myocardial energy requirements. This study aimed to investigate the changes in coronary blood velocity while manipulating partial pressures of end-tidal CO 2 (PETCO2) and O2 (PETO2). It was hypothesized that an increase in PETCO 2 (hypercapnia) or decrease in PETO2 (hypoxia) would result in a significant increase in mean blood velocity in the left anterior descending artery (LAD Vmean) due to an increase in both blood gases and energy demand associated with the concomitant cardiovascular response. Cardiac energy demand was assessed through noninvasive measurement of the total left ventricular mechanical energy. Healthy subjects (n ϭ 13) underwent a euoxic CO 2 test (PETCO2 ϭ Ϫ8, Ϫ4, 0, ϩ4, and ϩ8 mmHg from baseline) and an isocapnic hypoxia test (PETO 2 ϭ 64, 52, and 45 mmHg). LADVmean was assessed using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. Hypercapnia evoked a 34.6 Ϯ 8.5% (mean Ϯ SE; P Ͻ 0.01) increase in mean LAD Vmean, whereas hypoxia increased LAD Vmean by 51.4 Ϯ 8.8% (P Ͻ 0.05). Multiple stepwise regressions revealed that both mechanical energy and changes in arterial blood gases are important contributors to the observed changes in LAD Vmean (P Ͻ 0.01). In summary, regulation of the coronary vasculature in humans is mediated by metabolic changes within the heart and an inherent sensitivity to arterial blood gases. coronary vessels; hypoxia; carbon dioxide; echocardiography; dynamic end-tidal forcing THE CORONARY VASCULATURE IS capable of regulating myocardial perfusion to maintain oxygen delivery in the face of changing oxygen demands. The coronary resistance vessels can rapidly dilate in response to local tissue hypoxia, thereby increasing coronary blood velocity in the major vessel branches (30, 56). Similarly, in response to increased cardiac energy demand, dilatation of coronary vessels will result in an increase in coronary blood flow to maintain oxygen delivery (59). When the effect of specific stimuli on changes in coronary blood flow is investigated, it is vital to consider the effect of stimuli on cardiac energy demand. Increases in cardiac effort manifest as an increase in the rate of muscle contraction and the prevailing afterload, both increasing the overall energy expenditure and, therefore, coronary blood flow (2,20,56). The capacity of the coronary vessels to increase blood flow is often referred to as the coronary flow reserve (CFR) and can be assessed using a number of k...

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“…This technique requires long axis imaging through the left ventricle in multiple planes. More recent advances in imaging technology have enabled accurate evaluation of the ejection fraction using three-dimensional echocardiography (53, 54, 55). All these qualitative and quantitative techniques rely on accurate identification of the endocardial border.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic assessment of myocardial function and mechanics during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

et al. 2019

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Background Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) plays a fundamental role in the management of patients supported with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In light of fluctuating clinical states, serial monitoring of cardiac function is required. Formal quantification of ventricular parameters and myocardial mechanics offer benefit over qualitative assessment. The aim of this research was to compare unenhanced (UE) versus contrast-enhanced (CE) quantification of myocardial function and mechanics during ECMO in a validated ovine model. Methods Twenty-four sheep were commenced on peripheral veno-venous ECMO. Acute smoke-induced lung injury was induced in 21 sheep (3 controls). CE-TTE with Definity using Cadence Pulse Sequencing was performed. Two readers performed image analysis with TomTec Arena. End diastolic area (EDA, cm2), end systolic area (ESA, cm2), fractional area change (FAC, %), endocardial global circumferential strain (EGCS, %), myocardial global circumferential strain (MGCS, %), endocardial rotation (ER, degrees) and global radial strain (GRD, %) were evaluated for UE-TTE and CE-TTE. Results Full data sets are available in 22 sheep (92%). Mean CE EDA and ESA were significantly larger than in unenhanced images. Mean FAC was almost identical between the two techniques. There was no significant difference between UE and CE EGCS, MGCS and ER. There was significant difference in GRS between imaging techniques. Unenhanced inter-observer variability was from 0.48–0.70 but significantly improved to 0.71–0.89 for contrast imaging in all echocardiographic parameters. Conclusion Semi-automated methods of myocardial function and mechanics using CE-TTE during ECMO was feasible and similar to UE-TTE for all parameters except ventricular areas and global radial strain. Addition of contrast significantly decreased inter-observer variability of all measurements.

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3D and 2D left ventricular systolic function imaging – from ejection fraction to deformation. Cardiac resynchronization therapy – substudy

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Semi‐automated estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction by two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional echocardiography is feasible, time‐efficient, and reproducible

Semi‐automated estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction by two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional echocardiography is feasible, time‐efficient, and reproducible

The effects of graded changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide tension on coronary blood velocity independent of myocardial energy demand

Echocardiographic assessment of myocardial function and mechanics during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

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