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Sarou‐Kanian, Vincent; Millot, F.; Rifflet, Jean-Claude

doi:10.1023/a:1022466319501

Cited by 104 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…To model Aluminum, we fit this formula to the experimental value σ(T m ) = 1050erg/cm 2 [44], as shown on Note that in the following, the total liquid energy in the cell is E l = N l e l + σS l , where S l is the surface area of the droplet.…”

Section: Model a Van Der Waals Fluid Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet evolution in expanding flow of warm dense matter

Armijo

Barnard

2011

Phys. Rev. E

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We propose a simple, self-consistent kinetic model for the evolution of a mixture of droplets and vapor expanding adiabatically in vacuum after rapid, almost isochoric heating. We study the evolution of the two-phase fluid at intermediate times between the molecular and the hydrodynamic scales, focussing on out-of-equilibrium and surface effects. We use the Van der Waals equation of state as a test-bed to implement our model and study the phenomenology of the upcoming NDCXII ion heating experiments at LBNL. We find an approximate expression for the temperature difference between the droplets and the expanding gas and we check it with numerical calculations. The formula provides a useful criterion to distinguish the thermalized and non-thermalized regimes of expansion. In the thermalized case, the liquid fraction grows in a proportion that we estimate analytically, whereas, in case of too rapid expansion, a strict limit for the evaporation of droplets is derived. The range of experimental situations is discussed.

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Section: Model a Van Der Waals Fluid Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet evolution in expanding flow of warm dense matter

Armijo

Barnard

2011

Phys. Rev. E

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“…[18], which highlights the marked dependency of the creep rate _ eðs À1 Þ with both temperature increase and increasing stress. When considering the effect of an externally applied stress, these authors define a reduced stress (r/r B ), where r is the applied stress and r B is the stress necessary to fracture the particular sample at a given test temperature.…”

Section: ½14mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Density measurements have been reported by SarouKanian et al [18] for aluminum in the range 1600 to 2360 K, so only a minor extrapolation to 2458 K was necessary in order to obtain a density figure for pure aluminum of 1945 kg/m 3 . When experimental solution densities are not available, as indeed is the case for solutions containing carbon and aluminum at around 2200°C, recourse has to be made to ideal mixing behavior.…”

Section: B Protection Of Graphite Pipe and Wall Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their empirical relationship is given in Eq. [18], in which the activation energy is expressed in cal/mol. This relationship confirms the expectation that it is crucially important to ensure that both the temperature and the actual stress must be kept to an absolute minimum in the design.…”

Section: ½14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface tension of oxygen-free liquid Al has been measured up to 2170 K by Sarou-Kanian et al [18] Extrapolation of their data to 2160°C gives a surface tension of about 637 mN/m. This is appreciably higher than that of mercury at room temperature (486 mN/m), but is lower than 847 mN/m for Al-12 Si at 680°C.…”

Section: Melt Decarbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Conceptual Design for Lower-Energy Primary Aluminum

Warner

2008

Metall Mater Trans B

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Operating parameters have been identified such that slag melts typical of other carbothermic aluminum processes are thermodynamically unstable. This facilitates the direct reaction of carbon in carbon-saturated aluminum with alumina under dispersed-contact high-intensity conditions. A conceptual design for one million tonnes per annum (1 Mtpa) aluminum production from Bayer alumina is developed. Freestanding graphite reactors and an ancillary plant encapsulated by inert gas are totally unconstrained within refractory-lined shells. Electrical conductive heating and melt circulation in closed loops, employing a 10 vol pct dispersion of fine carbon particles in aluminum (slurry), transports sensible heat to a single pressurized metalproducing reactor (MPR) to satisfy the endothermicity. In the proposed plant, an MPR at 0.28 MPa (2.8 bar) and 2433 K (2160°C) with a hearth 2-m-wide · 190-m-long leads the melt via a barometric leg back to essentially atmospheric pressure, for further in-line processing. The impeller-stirred assimilation of fine carbon particles is followed by multistage gas-lift pumping to provide a 5.4-m total head, as required by two parallel straight-line melt-conductive heaters 1 m in diameter · 226 m in length. Overall energy-consumption figures 28.7 pct lower than today's more recently installed Hall-Heroult electrolytic plants are predicted, with 51.3 pct less purchased electricity, supplemented with 1.10 times the stoichiometric elemental carbon.

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Direct‐Chill Casting: Historical and Industrial Perspective

2013

Direct‐Chill Casting of Light Alloys

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Untitled

Cited by 104 publications

References 14 publications

Droplet evolution in expanding flow of warm dense matter

Droplet evolution in expanding flow of warm dense matter

Conceptual Design for Lower-Energy Primary Aluminum

Direct‐Chill Casting: Historical and Industrial Perspective

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