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Shearman, Deborah

doi:10.1023/a:1020955507978

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…While some aspects of this system appear unique to this clade, there are other features that are highly conserved across Diptera and provide a valuable comparative framework for examining the genetics controlling sex determination in other fly species [60]–[64]. There is also substantial variation in both sex chromosome composition and sex determination systems at various taxonomic levels within the order [59], [64]–[66]. For instance, Tephritidae include species with isomorphic chromosomes and female heterogamety [67] and, within Musca domestica , the chromosomal location of the male-determining factor varies between populations, occurring in some cases on the X chromosome and, in other populations, on one of several autosomes [68], [69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In either case, we would predict a lack of homology between the sex chromosome of diopsids and tephritids or calyptrates and M should exhibit different micro-syntenic relationships within diopsids than tephritids or calyptrates. Finally, a new gene that is located on 2L may have become the primary sex determination signal supplementing M. The evolution of sex-determination pathways is generally characterized by modification of components higher up in the genetic hierarchy [73], and Shearman [66] has outlined several processes that would result in the acquisition of a new gene in the sex determination pathway. If this scenario applies to stalk-eyed flies, there will be no homology between the primary sex determination gene in diopsids and the M factor of tephritids and calyptrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) Reveals a Neo-X Chromosome and Biased Gene Movement in Stalk-Eyed Flies (Genus Teleopsis)

Baker

Wilkinson

2010

PLoS Genet

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Chromosomal location has a significant effect on the evolutionary dynamics of genes involved in sexual dimorphism, impacting both the pattern of sex-specific gene expression and the rate of duplication and protein evolution for these genes. For nearly all non-model organisms, however, knowledge of chromosomal gene content is minimal and difficult to obtain on a genomic scale. In this study, we utilized Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), using probes designed from EST sequence, to identify genes located on the X chromosome of four species in the stalk-eyed fly genus Teleopsis. Analysis of log2 ratio values of female-to-male hybridization intensities from the CGH microarrays for over 3,400 genes reveals a strongly bimodal distribution that clearly differentiates autosomal from X-linked genes for all four species. Genotyping of 33 and linkage mapping of 28 of these genes in Teleopsis dalmanni indicate the CGH results correctly identified chromosomal location in all cases. Syntenic comparison with Drosophila indicates that 90% of the X-linked genes in Teleopsis are homologous to genes located on chromosome 2L in Drosophila melanogaster, suggesting the formation of a nearly complete neo-X chromosome from Muller element B in the dipteran lineage leading to Teleopsis. Analysis of gene movement both relative to Drosophila and within Teleopsis indicates that gene movement is significantly associated with 1) rates of protein evolution, 2) the pattern of gene duplication, and 3) the evolution of eyespan sexual dimorphism. Overall, this study reveals that diopsids are a critical group for understanding the evolution of sex chromosomes within Diptera. In addition, we demonstrate that CGH is a useful technique for identifying chromosomal sex-linkage and should be applicable to other organisms with EST or partial genomic information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) Reveals a Neo-X Chromosome and Biased Gene Movement in Stalk-Eyed Flies (Genus Teleopsis)

Baker

Wilkinson

2010

PLoS Genet

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“…Functional SXL in females promotes splicing of tra into a functional isoform, whereas lack of functional SXL in males leads to nonfunctional splicing of tra (Valcárcel et al 1993) (Figure 1A). Sxl is expressed equally in both sexes in other dipterans and is not a master regulator of sex determination in non- Drosophila species (Marin and Baker 1998; Schütt and Nothiger 2000; Saccone et al 2002; Shearman 2002). …”

Section: Sex Determination In House Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolving Puzzle of AutosomalVersusY-linked Male Determination inMusca domestica

Hamm¹,

Meisel

Scott

2015

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Sex determination is one of the most rapidly evolving developmental pathways, but the factors responsible for this fast evolution are not well resolved. The house fly, Musca domestica, is an ideal model for studying sex determination because house fly sex determination is polygenic and varies considerably between populations. Male house flies possess a male-determining locus, the M factor, which can be located on the Y or X chromosome or any of the five autosomes. There can be a single M or multiple M factors present in an individual male, in heterozygous or homozygous condition. Males with multiple copies of M skew the sex ratio toward the production of males. Potentially in response to these male-biased sex ratios, an allele of the gene transformer, Md-traD, promotes female development in the presence of one or multiple M factors. There have been many studies to determine the linkage and frequency of these male determining factors and the frequency of Md-traD chromosomes in populations from around the world. This review provides a summary of the information available to date regarding the patterns of distribution of autosomal, X-linked and Y-linked M factors, the relative frequencies of the linkage of M, the changes in frequencies found in field populations, and the fitness of males with autosomal M factors vs. Y-linked M. We evaluate this natural variation in the house fly sex determination pathway in light of models of the evolution of sex determination.

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“…Sex in insects is determined by a wide range of mechanisms (Gempe and Beye, 2011; Saccone et al, 2002; Sanchez, 2008; Shearman, 2002). This diversity comes from the presence of different upstream signals (Verhulst et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribolium castaneum Transformer-2 regulates sex determination and development in both males and females

Shukla

Palli

2013

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Tribolium castaneum Transformer (TcTra) is essential for female sex determination and maintenance through the regulation of sex-specific splicing of doublesex (dsx) pre-mRNA. In females, TcTra also regulates the sex-specific splicing of its own pre-mRNA to ensure continuous production of functional Tra protein. Transformer protein is absent in males and hence dsx pre-mRNA is spliced in a default mode. The mechanisms by which males inhibit the production of functional Tra protein are not known. Here, we report on functional characterization of transformer-2 (tra-2) gene (an ortholog of Drosophila transformer-2) in T. castaneum. RNA interference-mediated knockdown in the expression of gene coding for tra-2 in female pupae or adults resulted in the production of male-specific isoform of dsx and both female and male isoforms of tra suggesting that Tra-2 is essential for the female-specific splicing of tra and dsx pre-mRNAs. Interestingly, knockdown of tra-2 in males did not affect the splicing of dsx but resulted in the production of both female and male isoforms of tra suggesting that Tra-2 suppresses female-specific splicing of tra pre-mRNA in males. This dual regulation of sex-specific splicing of tra pre-mRNA ensures a tight regulation of sex determination and maintenance. These data suggest a critical role for Tra-2 in suppression of female sex determination cascade in males. In addition, RNAi studies showed that Tra-2 is also required for successful embryonic and larval development in both sexes.

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Untitled

Cited by 42 publications

References 124 publications

Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) Reveals a Neo-X Chromosome and Biased Gene Movement in Stalk-Eyed Flies (Genus Teleopsis)

Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) Reveals a Neo-X Chromosome and Biased Gene Movement in Stalk-Eyed Flies (Genus Teleopsis)

The Evolving Puzzle of AutosomalVersusY-linked Male Determination inMusca domestica

Tribolium castaneum Transformer-2 regulates sex determination and development in both males and females

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