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Huntington, Thomas G.; Hodgkins, Glenn A.; Dudley, Robert W.

doi:10.1023/a:1026360615401

Cited by 67 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In addition, tributary characteristics (e.g., stream morphology and depth), habitat conditions (flow and temperature), and buffering capacity to climatic extremes (Chezik, Anderson, & Moore, 2017) are expected to influence populations differently across their range. Adult alewife and Atlantic salmon migrations have been relatively well tracked in several GoM tributaries (Ellis & Vokoun, 2009;Huntington et al, 2003;Juanes et al, 2004…”

Section: Diadromous Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shifts in migration timing have been documented in a number of adult and juvenile diadromous fishes throughout the greater GoM region. The median date of arrival of adult Atlantic salmon migrating up the Penobscot River shifted earlier, with advancements of approximately 16 days between 1978 and 2001 (0.7 days/year; Juanes, Gephard, & Beland, 2004) and 19 days between 1986 and 2001(1.3 days/year;Huntington et al, 2003); stream temperature and flow were identified as the most significant drivers of observed shifts.On a broader scale, emigration of Atlantic salmon smolts to the marine environment throughout their range in the North Atlantic Ocean has advanced 2.5 days/decade between 1961 and 2010 in response to warming in freshwater and marine habitats(Otero et al, 2014).Advances in the timing of spawning migrations of alewife of approximately 22 days have been observed in the Androscoggin River in Maine between 1983 and 2001 (1.2 days/year;Huntington et al, 2003). In addition,Ellis and Vokoun (2009) used water temperatures in four Massachusetts rivers to estimate alewife migration timing had shifted 12-13 days earlier between1971-1978 and 1997-2007.…”

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confidence: 94%

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It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

Staudinger

Mills

Stamieszkin

et al. 2019

Fisheries Oceanography

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The timing of recurring biological and seasonal environmental events is changing on a global scale relative to temperature and other climate drivers. This study considers the Gulf of Maine ecosystem, a region of high social and ecological importance in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean and synthesizes current knowledge of (a) key seasonal processes, patterns, and events; (b) direct evidence for shifts in timing; (c) implications of phenological responses for linked ecological‐human systems; and (d) potential phenology‐focused adaptation strategies and actions. Twenty studies demonstrated shifts in timing of regional marine organisms and seasonal environmental events. The most common response was earlier timing, observed in spring onset, spring and winter hydrology, zooplankton abundance, occurrence of several larval fishes, and diadromous fish migrations. Later timing was documented for fall onset, reproduction and fledging in Atlantic puffins, spring and fall phytoplankton blooms, and occurrence of additional larval fishes. Changes in event duration generally increased and were detected in zooplankton peak abundance, early life history periods of macro‐invertebrates, and lobster fishery landings. Reduced duration was observed in winter–spring ice‐affected stream flows. Two studies projected phenological changes, both finding diapause duration would decrease in zooplankton under future climate scenarios. Phenological responses were species‐specific and varied depending on the environmental driver, spatial, and temporal scales evaluated. Overall, a wide range of baseline phenology and relevant modeling studies exist, yet surprisingly few document long‐term shifts. Results reveal a need for increased emphasis on phenological shifts in the Gulf of Maine and identify opportunities for future research and consideration of phenological changes in adaptation efforts.

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Section: Diadromous Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

Staudinger

Mills

Stamieszkin

et al. 2019

Fisheries Oceanography

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“…At the global scale, several studies have shown a clear trend over the last few decades with respect to lake surface temperature (Dokulil, 2014;O'Reilly et al, 2015) and stream temperature at various locations (Webb, 1996;Morrison et al, 2002;Hari et al, 2006;Hannah and Garner, 2015;Watts et al, 2015). Evidence of spring warming induced by earlier snow melt has been found in North America (Huntington et al, 2003), and in Austria, a country with similar climatic and geographical conditions to Switzerland, a clear warming has been observed throughout the 20st century for all seasons, with the most marked increase in summer (Webb and Nobilis, 2007). A mean trend of +0.3 • C per decade has been observed in England and Wales over the period from 1990 to 2006 by analysing more than 2700 stations (Orr et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stream temperature and discharge evolution in Switzerland over the last 50 years: annual and seasonal behaviour

Michel

Brauchli

Lehning

et al. 2020

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Stream temperature and discharge are key hydrological variables for ecosystem and water resource management and are particularly sensitive to climate warming. Despite the wealth of meteorological and hydrological data, few studies have quantified observed stream temperature trends in the Alps. This study presents a detailed analysis of stream temperature and discharge in 52 catchments in Switzerland, a country covering a wide range of alpine and lowland hydrological regimes. The influence of discharge, precipitation, air temperature, and upstream lakes on stream temperatures and their temporal trends is analysed from multi-decadal to seasonal timescales. Stream temperature has significantly increased over the past 5 decades, with positive trends for all four seasons. The mean trends for the last 20 years are +0.37±0.11 ∘C per decade for water temperature, resulting from the joint effects of trends in air temperature (+0.39±0.14 ∘C per decade), discharge (-10.1±4.6 % per decade), and precipitation (-9.3±3.4 % per decade). For a longer time period (1979–2018), the trends are +0.33±0.03 ∘C per decade for water temperature, +0.46±0.03°C per decade for air temperature, -3.0±0.5 % per decade for discharge, and -1.3±0.5 % per decade for precipitation. Furthermore, we show that snow and glacier melt compensates for air temperature warming trends in a transient way in alpine streams. Lakes, on the contrary, have a strengthening effect on downstream water temperature trends at all elevations. Moreover, the identified stream temperature trends are shown to have critical impacts on ecological and economical temperature thresholds (the spread of fish diseases and the usage of water for industrial cooling), especially in lowland rivers, suggesting that these waterways are becoming more vulnerable to the increasing air temperature forcing. Resilient alpine rivers are expected to become more vulnerable to warming in the near future due to the expected reductions in snow- and glacier-melt inputs. A detailed mathematical framework along with the necessary source code are provided with this paper.

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“…We find numerous studies on international negotiations leading up to the Stockholm Convention, 7 and Arctic knowledge transfer, 8 but fewer at the national level 9 and none at all on the impact of science in Norway's efforts to nominate new POPs. In international environmental politics, national initiatives and resources are key.…”

Section: Framing the Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Use of Arctic Science: POPs, Norway and the Stockholm Convention

Rottem

2017

Arctic Review

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The focus in this article is on how scientific knowledge on POPs in the Arctic has been used in international regulations, and can be used today. More specifically, I explore Norway's active (and successful) nominations over the past decade of new POPs to the Stockholm Convention, nominations that need a scientific knowledge basis, and where Arctic scientific knowledge has been a prerequisite for action. The article will first discuss the Stockholm Convention`s relation to other legal instruments on regulating POPs, and provide an introduction to how the Convention works. However, to obtain a more complete picture of how science travels into global governance we need to bring the State in. We need to know how scientific knowledge is used (or not used) at the national level. The question guiding the second part of this study is what has determined the use of scientific knowledge in Norwegian efforts leading to the nomination of new POPs to the Stockholm Convention. The focus is on environmental management design, state of knowledge, degree of political and economic controversy in the issue area, and the importance of the matter in public opinion and among policy makers. The conclusion is that Norway has had little to lose by initiating work on regulating new POPs and being active in the nomination of new POPs. Being green (or using scientific knowledge) in this case has been scientifically demanding, but politically easy.

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Cited by 67 publications

References 44 publications

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

Stream temperature and discharge evolution in Switzerland over the last 50 years: annual and seasonal behaviour

The Use of Arctic Science: POPs, Norway and the Stockholm Convention

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